The concept of “reflexive verbs” exists in many languages. The repayment category has something in common with the pledge category. In school textbooks in Russian, all verbs that end in –sy are often called reflexive. To gather, to be afraid, to accept ... However, the theory describes several approaches according to which the verb can be considered reflexive. And indeed, in their education and importance, they can vary greatly.
For example, they can be formed from transitive verbs (recall, these are those that necessarily require a noun in the accusative case, additions: to borrow something, someone; to put something). Accordingly, the reflexive verbs formed from them will be dealt with , rely on . In such cases, the affix is considered formative. It is interesting that the verbs forming pairs can have a similar meaning (to paint - to paint ), but they can only coincide in one of their meanings or not at all ( lose - get lost ). When formed from intransitive verbs (for example, cry ), the -sya particle is a word-forming. In addition, there are reflexive verbs, which without -sya do not exist at all, for example, laughing, making faces . Some of them are completely educated from adjectives ( proud to be proud ). Many authors distinguish not only the concept of “reflexive verbs”, but also the “reflexive verb form”.
The meanings of reflexive verbs can also be different. This is the action of one subject, which is also the object of this action (to assemble); and the action of several subjects and simultaneously objects of action (hugging), and many others.
In foreign languages
Reflexive verbs in other languages have a similar meaning: they express that the action is directed at the subject. And, of course, each language has its own characteristics of the formation and use of such verbs.
So, reflexive verbs in the German language can be formed only with the participation of sich, that is, the reflexive pronoun, also changing in persons and numbers. The declension of pronouns in this case is the subject of a separate discussion. Most often, the pronoun is in the accusative case, but in the presence of another addition appears dative.
Usually the translation of such verbs into Russian does not cause difficulties, since the purpose of this construction is clear. Ich kämme mich - I comb my hair. Many of the German reflexive verbs are also in Russian. However, there are exceptions that should be remembered. Their complete list can be found in special tables, we will only give some examples. The German reflexive verb corresponds to the irrevocable in Russian: sich sonnen - to sunbathe. And vice versa: zweifeln - to doubt. Interestingly, in German they speak of real and fake reflexive verbs. Their difference lies in the fact that the former do not exist without sich. Therefore, the verb is remembered immediately with a reflexive pronoun and the preposition with which it is used. For example, sich freuen über + Akk. - rejoice at something. To the group of so-called fake reflexive verbs are those that are used both with sich and without it.
Reflexive verbs in the French language are called pronouns. The return particle is se (or its forms me, te or nous and vous depending on the face and number). For beginners with a vowel or h-verb, the truncated form (s') is used. It is noteworthy that this particle faces the main or auxiliary verb. Another feature of such constructions in the French language is that even if the reflexive verb is indefinite, the particle se is still inclined. For example, je veux me coucher - I want to go to bed. As can be seen from the same example, the pronoun verbs in French do not always correspond to the verbs with –sy in Russian. For example, se promener - to walk.