Informal communication in an informal setting is the most common description of this functional style. Examples of colloquial texts contain colloquial vocabulary, and the information in them is presented mainly on domestic issues.
The oral version of the style is used in everyday speech. That is why writing is often implemented in dialogs.
This article gives an appropriate definition, talks about the features, and examines examples of colloquial speech texts.
Features
The style in which each of us expresses our thoughts, emotions and feelings is conversational. It is characterized by a lack of language selection. This is due to the fact that for the most part people "first speak and then think."
At the same time, the conversational style always contains shades of the speaker’s personality - it allows slang, jargon, and so on, which is not inherent in such strict styles as business or scientific.
An example of a conversational style of speech, small text:
- Have you tried? - I looked at the cheese. - Dad said delicious.
- Of course, delicious, since he ate it yesterday on both cheeks!
“But you don’t hamster yourself now as if you were having lunch for the last time,” I laughed.
It clearly distinguishes slang expressions that are not applicable anywhere more than in everyday dialogue.
It should be borne in mind that extra-lingual factors also influence the conversational style to a large extent: facial expressions and gestures, the environment, etc., are of great importance.
Signs of conversational style:
- simplicity;
- specifics;
- saturation with emotions, sometimes excessive, expression;
- imagery.
Examples of texts of conversational style of speech can be obtained simply by recording a household conversation, for example, between neighbors or a buyer and a seller in a bakery.
The impact of a relaxed atmosphere
The more relaxed the situation, the more freedom of speech. She becomes more emotional, colloquial expressions are widely used.
It is not uncommon for this style to simplify word forms, drop out vowels, double words, and use suffixes of subjective assessment - the first two signs are especially amplified when the pace of speech is accelerated.
A.P. Chekhov, "Revenge"
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov well illustrates the features of the style in question in his work "Revenge" - this is a clear example of the conversational style of speech. The small text of the monologue can already say a lot on this topic.
The character of the story begins to speak with the expressive: "Open the hell!" Please note that no other style allows swearing. His next sentence is no less revealing: "How long will I have to stiffen in this through wind?" Its construction is abrupt, the manner of transmitting information is simple and unpretentious. This is the conversational style of speech. Examples of texts from literature were not in vain started precisely with Chekhov's “Revenge”.
Conversational style
"Revenge" also shows the characteristic features of the conversational style:
- preference for interrogative and exclamatory sentences over narrative ones;
- the use of interjections;
- personal pronouns and verbs come down to the form of the first or second person.
A letter of A. S. Pushkin to his wife
The letter written by Alexander Sergeyevich on August 3, 1834 to his wife, Natalya, is also a small text of the colloquial style of speech (examples are broken down into sentences for consideration in more detail).
The famous poet begins it with these words: "Shame on you, wife." This treatment is a clear colloquial vocabulary that is used in everyday life. Suggestions: "What kind of hunt is it to drag into a nasty county town to see nasty actors badly playing the old nasty opera?" and: "I asked you not to travel around Kaluga, yes, it’s obvious that you have such a nature," they contain all the elements of the conversational style of speech, such as:
- evaluative derivational suffixes (town);
- inversion of word order in sentences;
- the use of the plural form for a word that actually does not contain it according to the rules of the Russian language (Kaluga - according to Kaluga);
- most verbs are used in the present tense.
Lexical means
The conversational style of speech (examples of short texts will be further considered during the article) involves the following lexical means:
- phraseological units;
- diminutive suffixes;
- expressive-emotional coloring of vocabulary;
- contraction words and truncations;
- suffixes of subjective assessment.
Standard designs and typed forms
In everyday life, spontaneous speech predominates, unprepared - people are used to expressing themselves without worrying about word forms and without thinking about them. Therefore, often, and even often, you can hear standard designs, certain stereotypes for each specific daily situation. If we consider a short text of colloquial style of speech, examples from the store will be as follows: "Cookies three hundred grams ... Weigh the ten. Please give me a package of butter." From public transport: "Are you getting off at the next? I’m going to the stop of the Airships, where can I get off? Will you drive to the Tractors?"
Forms of etiquette are also binding. Indeed, if the speech is unprepared and less formal, this does not mean that it is rude and extremely impolite.
"Hello, good afternoon, how are you, what's new," - these are well-established constructions that do not lose relevance in conversations. An example of a colloquial style of speech - a small text-dialogue of the comrades just met - in 99% of cases will contain these expressions.
Individuality
For the same reason spontaneity described in the previous paragraph, speech acquires individuality and originality. So, even stereotypical forms and designs are countless, and at different times, one or another comes into fashion in certain circles or, on the contrary, get out of it, become obsolete, then, however, sometimes come back. But the informal atmosphere of communication does not set formal boundaries - people can use or not use the familiar and well-established expressions of their choice. Untyped remedies are what convey the character of the speaker's speech.
The Dragon Chronicles
Julia Galanina in her Dragon Chronicles boasts a unique atmosphere, because she used conversational style not only in dialogs, but throughout the book. Here are short text examples:
"And as always I need more than anyone. Besides me, not a single fool climbed the fence."
"And dragons are a dangerous thing. And harmful, and nasty, and frankly selfish, and also a dragon!"
Phonetics
The language tools that are used at the phonetic level of the language in a colloquial style include two main features:
- Simplification, truncation, compression, that is, an incomplete type of pronunciation. This is not a required property that a conversational style of speech may have. Examples of texts (5th grade, by the way, in some regions studies this book according to the school curriculum) - Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and the rest of this series. The vernacular trait is pronounced in the character of Hagrid. Quote from "... the prisoner of Azkaban": "First of all this morning ... he resigned. I can’t, grit, put it at risk if ... well, it will come out again." Unfortunately, the Russian translators did not fully convey all the simplified word forms, this is more evident in the original text, but even in this quotation it is already possible to single out “grit”, which means “speaks”.
- Intonation as a purely individual sign that emotionally colors any, even stereotypical design. An example of a colloquial style of speech is the small text of the story "A Hypothetical Case" by O'Henry: "Will you be Mr. Phineas C. Gooch?" - said the visitor, and the tone of his voice and intonation immediately included questioning, affirmation and condemnation.
Vocabulary and phraseology
Language tools related to the lexical and phraseological level:
- The percentage of speech clearly predominates in the neutral concrete common vocabulary, also called interstitial. She is the base of the language. Neutral vocabulary states the fact, and therefore has no emotional and / or expressive coloring. This makes it a universal option for use in any style: both colloquial speech, and in business, scientific, journalistic. Examples of colloquial texts in which there is neutral vocabulary (essentially, the author's language of literary texts, except, perhaps, for a fairy tale and similar genres for the most part, only contains inter-style words) is Anton Pavlovich Chekhov's Chameleon and Teddy "Yuri Pavlovich Kazakov.
- Neutral colloquial vocabulary. It includes words like "doctor", "enlighten", and others.
- Terminology: socio-political and general scientific, nomenclature.
- Emotionally evaluative colloquial vocabulary. It can be negative or positive. All words from it are divided into three groups, of which: 1) the assessment is included in the very meaning of the word; 2) in a figurative sense; 3) the composition of the word includes subjective evaluative suffixes. The term “expressive” is also applicable to this vocabulary.
- Standardized imaginative products. These include metaphors, phraseological units, hyperbole and litota. “We drink from the cup of being with our eyes closed” (M. Yu. Lermontov). This is an artistic metaphor, conversational ones are tinged with the same vernacular. An example of a colloquial style of speech, text-dialogue: “- But what?” “And he, as usual, says we’ll break through!” “I would worry for someone else, but this one will really break through.” “Well! Heather is like a fox! ! "
- Professionalism and jargon. It is worth considering that each example of a passage of colloquial speech in fact often often contains most of the means given here: it cannot illustrate only one property. So, the above dialogue, in addition to the metaphor of “cunning like foxes,” also has the jargon “fools”.
Morphology
- Nominative case occurs more often than all others.
- Prevailing personal and demonstrative pronouns, as well as adverbs and particles.
- The sacrament is rarely used, the participle is almost never used.
- The boundaries of temporary forms are blurred. This means that they are freely changed and used not in their meaning.
- Verbal interjections are encountered.
An example of colloquial style is a small dialogue text that illustratively illustrates the morphological language level of the topic in question:
“He went there,” Petya waved his hand.
- Where is it going there? I asked him.
- Well, there is such a store. Products Mom asked to be stingy - so I decided to run away quickly.
“Is that how lope and ran away?” “It just happened.”
Syntax
- In colloquial style, simple sentences are more often used than complex or complex ones. Their construction is characterized by a certain "stringing" on each other, by the specificity of the transmitted information.
- Incomplete proposals are often found , in particular, they lack the main members.
- The structure is nonlinear, sometimes fragmentary. Interruptions in intonation and phrases, rearranged on the go, are consequences of spontaneous speech. The conversational style fully permits the active use of connecting structures, expressed in introductory words and all kinds of particles.
- Interjection phrases as one way of expressing thoughts in a conversational style.
- Free word order - the important thing is usually expressed first of all (however, this is not a prerequisite).
Literary Conversation
Conversation in its original manifestation is oral. In artwork, she needs special means of imitation. The author himself can write a speech close to spoken, but more often he uses it in conversations between characters. So, each hero gains individuality.
A small text of conversational style of speech (examples from Bulgakov’s “Dog’s Heart”): “A bawdy apartment. But how good it is. And what the hell did he need me for? Can he really live? He’s an eccentric. But he only blinks an eye, he would the dog got that gasp. "
We fully examined the conversational style of speech, examples of texts. The 5th grade of the school curriculum involves the study of functional styles of speech, but colloquial is the style that is found constantly, daily, and in works of art, and in the environment (especially in it).
In order to reflect the conversational style of speech, examples of texts from the literature have already been given above. Equally with them were also just indicative sentences.
Newspaper style
Where else is the conversational style of speech applicable? Examples of newspaper texts are a much more controversial issue. In journalism there are indeed traits characteristic of him. Newspapers from the series "closer to the people" are completely mottled with stereotypical phrases from everyday life. But nevertheless, newspaper style with a stretch can be called conversational in full. If the conversational style of speech is considered, short text examples are more often taken from fiction.