Very often people remember words with incorrect stress from childhood. Over time, it is extremely difficult to correct. In our language, there are no clear rules for stress. It is much easier and faster to remember the features of Russian stress in words and use them in practice, than to constantly struggle with the incorrect pronunciation of words out of habit and re-learn speech skills.
In French, the last syllable is always stressed, but in Russian there are many exceptions to the rules. Even the same word has an emphasis on different syllables, depending on the adjacent words. For example: the girl began, and the boy began.
The main features of stress in Russian are:
- Variety, when the emphasis falls on any syllable in different words (casing, freedom, magazin). The Czechs always have the stressed first syllable, and the Turks the last.
- Mobility is characteristic of the majority of words in the Russian language. Moreover, in one word, when declensing or conjugating, the stress can change (I.p. vodA, V.p. vOdu; crUzhevo - laceA)
- Variability allows over time to change the stressed syllable in a word. Many poets used to use the word muzyka for rhyme. Therefore, it is correct to read this in verses. But today we pronounce these words as music. Although some words retained the permissibility of different pronunciations (shell and shell, contract and agreement). To correctly pronounce such words, it is convenient to look at this information in an orthoepic or explanatory dictionary. Indeed, the peculiarities of Russian stress are complex not only for ourselves, but also for foreigners.
- There are accent options, for example, thinking is similar to driving and beating. The emphasis falls on the suffix -en. And the exception words must be remembered, in them the emphasis is put at the root of the word :
- admission;
- ironing;
- provision;
- to us;
- focusing.
- In the indicative mood of the verbs, the emphasis is placed on the second syllable - sip, love. And in the imperative mood, it goes to the penultimate - destroy, wake.
- It is not always necessary to draw an analogy with the simple word wire, which is part of complex words (electric pipe, but a chimney, pipe, overpass).
- There are words in which the stress is not significant (TWOROG and CREVOG, great-grandson and great-grandson, alcohol and alcohol)
- Professional terminology also requires knowledge of the peculiarities of Russian stress (mining of coal from miners, fluorography or prikus from doctors, compass from sailors).
Accent rules in Russian can be traced in the names. So, in all women's stressed syllables are the penultimate one (ZOya, Marina, Svetlana, Veronika).
In short masculine names, the stress also falls on the penultimate syllable (Kolya, Vitya), and in the full name, the stressed syllable is always the last (Nikolai, AntOn, Vladislav). But you should remember Yuri and George as an exception.
There are no clear rules of stress in our language, and remembering all the features of Russian stress is difficult, therefore it is more practical to use the dictionary in a difficult situation than pronouncing words at random. Let it become a habit, then you will not get into a funny situation.
In conclusion, a list of the most frequently used words that are best just memorized:
- Spark, whooping, woodworker, chassis, sorrel, nap, cake, pullover;
- pear juice, cedar forest, pricing policy ;
- people are deaf, but rude, blind, but friendly;
- To scoop up water, but to ring the doorbell, years have passed, but shed tea.
In the words COMPETITION, GEMchug, Nasmork, Symbol, Tokar, Air, the first syllable is now under stress. But in the past, in these words, the last was the shock. That is, one can say here about regressive stress, when it is transferred from the last syllable to the one that stands before it. For many words, this process continues to this day.