Technique Dembo Rubinstein: a study of self-esteem

Some perform well in front of the public, others are embarrassed to ask about the price of the goods in the store. Some people suffer humiliation in order to be accepted into the circle of friends, others wear the invisible royal crown and do not let anyone close to them. What is the reason for this behavior of people? There is one personal characteristic that combines all of the above models of human behavior - this is self-esteem.

What is a person’s self-esteem?

We often hear such a thing as "self-esteem." It is used not only by professional psychologists, teachers or doctors, we can hear about this personal characteristic in everyday communication. What is it? Self-esteem refers to a person’s ideas about his own importance and value for others, as well as an assessment of his own shortcomings and positive qualities, emotions, feelings by the person himself.

When does it start to form?

Self-esteem can not be formed without the presence of another personal property - self-awareness. It occurs in childhood, until about 3 years old, when the child realizes its autonomy from the mother, identifies himself with a certain gender and begins to manifest himself as a person (the so-called "seven-star crisis" of this age). When a child grows up, he has the opportunity to assess himself at an elementary level and analyze the attitude of others to himself. At this age, we can talk about the beginnings of self-esteem, since it takes a long time to form and remains in dynamics for a lifetime.

Types of self-esteem

Specialists distinguish several types of self-esteem that can be investigated using psychological tools (for example, the Budassi method of researching the I-concept, or the Dembo-Rubinstein method). Self-esteem consists of a person’s perception of himself as real and ideal.

There are different relations between these two structures of personality ("I-real", "I-ideal"). The self-esteem of a person changes depending on the quality of this relationship.

• An underestimation of the self's personality is a big difference between the ideas of who I really am and what I should ideally be. Self-doubt, developing in this case, can be seen in all human activities.
• Adequate self-esteem is the normal relationship between the "I-real" and "I-ideal." A person behaves appropriately to the situation.
• Overpriced - there is practically no difference between the two above-mentioned personality structures. A person is inclined to consider himself, if not ideal, then very close to him.

Dembo-Rubinstein technique - self-assessment study, description

It is very important for a person to have an adequate self-esteem, because otherwise there will be problems in communication, professional activity, family relations, and so on. You should pay attention to the self-esteem of the person in a timely manner in order to avoid mistakes in its social adaptation.

The Dembo-Rubinstein technique allows you to determine what kind of self-esteem a person has. This occurs with the subject's marks on certain scales. A person is given a form of methodology in which the instruction and the main task are written. To determine the level of self - esteem, the non-classical Dembo-Rubinstein technique is used.

Modification of parishioners of this technique has been used recently in various educational institutions and in production. The changed method of A.M. Parishioners contains 7 scales (in contrast to the 4 initial ones). The author of the modification added such scales as “the ability to do something with one's own hands”, “appearance”, “peer recognition”, and also changed the scale “happiness” to “self-confidence”.

Study Instructions

A person can understand what needs to be done in the test by reading the instructions. It says that everyone has the opportunity to evaluate their abilities, character traits, capabilities, and so on. You can express your assessment on the segment, from one end of which low points begin, at the other end - maximum 10 points. It should be noted on each scale with a dash “-” the level at which the development of this quality or property is now. Then it is necessary to mark on these scales the cross “x” the level at which the test person can feel self-satisfaction or pride.

Scales in the test

The Dembo-Rubinstein technique in the modification includes the following scales:

• health;
• human abilities and mind;
• his character;
• Does he enjoy authority among peers;
• the ability to do something on their own, with their own hands;
• self confidence;
• person's appearance.
  

The technique is suitable for individual and frontal studies. When working with a group, you need to check everyone how he filled out the first training scale - "health". Modification of the Dembo-Rubinstein technique involves the time spent on the test task from 10 to 12 minutes.

Results Analysis

When processing and analyzing the results, the first scale is not taken into account, since this is not a personal characteristic. The length of each scale should be strictly equal to 100 mm, then each marked cross and line will have a quantitative characteristic (for example, 48 mm - 48 points).

The Dembo-Rubinstein technique allows you to identify not only the level of self-esteem, but also the level of personal aspirations. This indicator is determined by measuring the number of points from "0" to "x". Accordingly, the level of self-esteem on a particular scale can be measured from "0" to "-".

Next, you need to calculate the distance from "x" to "-". If there is a situation in which the level of claims is lower than personal self-esteem, points are expressed in negative numbers. Then there is a scoring and determination of self-esteem. The Dembo-Rubinstein technique is easy to process, so it is often used. But experts almost always use it in the modification of the Parishioners.

Explanation of indicators

To determine the level of the two studied personality characteristics, the total score of the corresponding indicators of all scales (except the first) is calculated. The Dembo-Rubinstein technique helps a person as accurately as possible to understand how he evaluates himself.

Claim Level Indicators

1. Adequate - 75-89 points. A person realistically assesses his capabilities.
2. High - 90-100 points. Unrealistic attitude to their capabilities, lack of self-criticism.
3. Low - below 60 points. Low level of claims. A person cannot develop normally. He has no desire to achieve something, since he is sure that this is a deliberately losing option.

Self-esteem

1. Adequate - 45-74 points. Realistic assessment of yourself according to the methodology and other parameters.
2. Overpriced - 75-100 points. There are some problems in the formation of personal qualities. It is possible that an adult or a child cannot correctly assess his or her labor activity (its results), communication. There is such a thing as "closed to experience", that is, a person is insensitive to the comments, advice and evaluations of people.
3. Underestimated - less than 45 points. A person has big problems in the formation of personal well-being, this is shown by the Dembo-Rubinstein technique. Self-esteem too low may be the result of the manifestation of two psychological problems: truly insecurity in one's own abilities and “protective” insecurity. The second phenomenon is observed if a person himself imposes this “underestimation” on himself, so as not to strain decisions and avoid responsibility.