We often use words in our speech related to everyday and economic topics. This article will discuss the lexical topic on edible plants. Vegetables and fruits in English with translation and pronunciation in Russian will also be presented in this article.
The origin of the word vegetable
Vegetable is a culinary definition that means the edible portion (for example, fruits or tubers) of a variety of plants, as well as any solid food of plant origin, with the exception of fruits, cereals, mushrooms and nuts.
In the English word, vegetable is translated as vegetable. It was first recorded in English at the beginning of the 15th century. It came to the language from the Old French language and was originally used for all plants; the word is still used in this sense in biological contexts.
It comes from the medieval Latin vegetabilis and translates as "grows, thrives." The semantic transformation from the Late Latin language means "revitalization, acceleration."
The meaning of the word vegetable as a plant grown for consumption was not known until the 18th century. In 1767, the word was specifically used to mean all edible plants, herbs, or root crops. In 1955, the abbreviation for vegetable was first used as a slang: veggie - "vegetarian."
As an adjective, the word vegetable (vegetable) in English is used in a scientific and technological sense with another much broader definition, namely, "related to plants" in general (edible or not), that is, an object of plant origin, plant kingdom.
Vegetables in English with translation
Consider the names of the main vegetables and fruits in English. The list will consist of those foods that we consume every day. Vegetables and fruits in English with translation and transcription are presented below:
1. White cabbage - cabbage - [ˈkæbədʒ] or white cabbage.
And the translation of its varieties and methods of preparation:
- wild - wild cabbage;
- pickled - pickled cabbage;
- dried - dehydrated cabbage;
- pickled - liberty cabbage;
- Chinese - celery cabbage;
- shredded - shredded cabbage;
- decorative - ornamental cabbage.
2. Garlic - garlic [ˈɡɑːrlɪk]; odorous garlic - fragrant garlic.
3. Turnip - turnip [ˈtɝːnəp].
3. Onions - onion [ˈʌnjən].
4. Leek - leek [ˈliːk |].
5. Potatoes - potatoes [pəˈteɪtoʊz].
Persistent phrases with the word potatoes will be translated as follows:
- boil potatoes— to boil potatoes;
- dig potatoes - lift potatoes;
- young potatoes - new potatoes.
6. Carrot ordinary - carrot [ˈkærət].
7. Tomato - tomato [təˈmeɪˌtoʊ].
Previously, a tomato was called the apple of love. This is due to the literal translation from Italian. Vegetables and fruits in English are mostly of borrowed origin.
Translation of the main fruit varieties in English
Let's move on to the topic of fruit. In English, the word "fruit" is translated as fruit ['fruːt]. At its core, this is not a botanical term, but rather, colloquial and economic for the name of sweet large fruits.
Here is a list of the most common ones:
- apricot ['eɪprɪkɒt] - apricot;
- banana [bə'nɑːnə] - banana;
- grape [greip] - grapes;
- grapefruit ['greɪpˌfruːt] - grapefruit;
- pear [peə] - pear;
- melon ['mɛlən] - melon;
- lemon ['lɛmən] - lemon;
- mandarine ['mænəˈriːn] - mandarin (a word of Chinese origin);
- plum ['pləm] - plum;
- apple ['æpl] - apple;
- citrus ['sitrəs] - citrus;
- kiwi [ˈkiːwiː] - kiwi;
- fig [ˈfɪɡ] - fig;
- date [date] - date (this word can be translated as a date);
- mango [ˈmæŋɡoʊ] - mango;
- persimmon [pəˈsɪmən] - persimmon;
- pomegranate [ˈpɒmˌgrænɪt] - pomegranate;
- pineapple ['paɪnˌæpl] - pineapple.
The origin of plant terms
Most of the terms for vegetables and fruits in English are derived from other languages. For example, the word "tomato" comes to the European world from the Aztec empire. The name of the plant tomal through the French language tomate fell into both English and Russian. In modern Russian, both names are equivalent.
The word potatoes (potatoes) comes from the Spanish language, but in Spanish it came from the Quechua Native American language during the conquest of South America. Thus, these two words denoting nightshade come from the Indian languages of Latin America.