One of the most effective ways to increase the productivity of farm animals is to feed them beet pulp. It contains a huge amount of substances useful for the body of cows, pigs, sheep and goats. In addition, such food is very easy to distribute to animals using existing on-farm processing lines.
General Product Description
Pulp is the main product of sugar beet processing . The following varieties are distinguished:
Fresh. So called beet pulp, emerging from the diffusion apparatus, stored for no more than a day.
Sour. After the raw pulp lies in the storage for more than three days, it acquires a sour taste. At the same time, its feed value is significantly lost.
Depressed. A product of this type contains 10-12% solids.
Pressed. This pulp contains more than 12% solids.
Also, manufacturers produce beet pulp granulated, the use of which allows you to organize the process of feeding animals most rationally. At the moment, such a product is becoming increasingly popular. In addition, farms often use silage pulp fermented using a special technology.
Benefits of using the product as feed
To increase the productivity of farm animals , a lot of proteins are introduced into their diet. However, the assimilation of the latter is impossible without carbohydrates. The use of beet pulp and allows you to make up for their lack. Compared to other feeds containing a large amount of carbohydrates (molasses, root crops), it has the following advantages:
animals willingly eat it;
pulp is convenient in storage and use;
Relatively low cost and ease of delivery.
By the efficiency of using beet pulp, it is in no way inferior to the molasses very popular with livestock farmers. However, the latter is used only in a liquid state. Therefore, in winter, for its storage, it is necessary to equip additional heated rooms. In addition, it is impossible to distribute molasses to animals using conventional processing lines. Give it, dissolved in water, to each cow or pig separately. Which, of course, greatly complicates the care. The pulp can be served directly along the lines, and it is strictly dosed.
Root crops (potatoes, beets, etc.) contain more sugars than pulp. However, for their delivery to farms, it is necessary to purchase additional transport and hire a number of workers. In addition, they cost more.
Thus, there are many advantages to using beet pulp, and therefore at the moment it is perhaps the most popular type of feed with a high content of carbohydrates. In advanced farms, it was estimated that the use of beet pulp increases the profitability of farms specializing in raising cows by 17-25%, and pigs - by 40%.
Disadvantages of using
Granulated beet pulp, the use of which to increase livestock productivity is justified, should be fed in certain quantities. When used, for example, cows produce much more milk. However, bored from those animals that received a very large amount of pulp as feed, it sours much faster. At the same time, too hard butter is obtained from such milk, and cheeses ripen for a long time. In calves, an excess of this product causes diarrhea. Therefore, the amount of beet pulp in the diet of animals should be strictly dosed. The permissible percentage of this type of feed to others included in the diet depends mainly on the age of the farm animals.
Norms of issue
You can feed beet pulp to animals in such quantities:
Young cattle - 50 kg per head per day.
Adult animals - 80-85 kg.
At the same time, you can fatten animals with pulp:
When using beet pulp as a means for fattening, coarse feed in an amount of at least 3-3.5 kg must also be introduced into the diet. Cows, for example, are usually given straw.
Methods for the production of pulp: pressing
As already mentioned, this product is made in the production of sugar. Its further processing can be carried out by pressing, drying or siloing. Fresh pulp sometimes goes to feed. But it is sold only to those farms that are located near sugar factories.
The production of beet pulp involves the use of special horizontal pressing lines. For example, when using equipment of the -57 brand, about 35% of water is removed from a fresh product. In this case, the solids content increases by 9-10%.
Silo Cooking
Fermented beet pulp is also a valuable feed for farm animals. Siloing it is done in a "hot" way (with cover without access to air) at a temperature of about 50 g. Before laying in the pits, the raw materials in this case are pressed to remove part of the water. The fact is that excess of the latter slows down the formation of lactic acid. The optimum moisture content of the pulp for silage is 70-75%. When laying, straw chop, chaff, chopped corn stalks, etc. can be added to it. To improve the quality, pure cultures of lactic acid bacteria are added to the pulp. Siloing can be carried out both in pits and in trenches. Also, the fermentation procedure can be carried out in the sleeves.
Drying
Of course, pressed and silage fodder of this variety is not fed to animals in the process of its production. A significant part of it is stored. Of course, it is undesirable to keep beet pulp raw or even pressed in warehouses. In it, quite quickly fermentation processes begin to occur. As a result, beet pulp loses its taste, and its feed properties are significantly deteriorated. Therefore, special workshops are created in beet factories in which this product is dried. This procedure consists of several stages:
Press part of water from the pulp. In this case, pulping equipment is also used.
Actually drying. At this stage, special tower and drum type machines are used. When performing the drying, the heat of the gas from the boiler plant sugar is usually used.
Briquetting. In this case, pressing equipment is also used. During briquetting, a little molasses (about 20%) can be added to the pulp. This significantly increases its feed value.
The characteristics of this product, as well as others intended for feeding animals, are regulated by GOST. Dried beet pulp should contain no more than 14% moisture and at least 7% protein in terms of dry matter. Sucrose should contain at least 10% of this product. From 100 kg of fresh pulp 7 kg of dried are obtained.
Beet pulp granular: production
It is quite convenient to store this type of feed in bulk dried form. But only at large agricultural enterprises. Owners of ordinary household plots and small farms prefer to buy granulated beet pulp. In such feeds, among other things, nutrients are distributed more evenly. They are also distinguished by better digestibility. These pulp are made using special equipment - granulators and extruders.
Beet pulp composition
As part of this valuable feed product (dried):
dry matter - 86-93%;
water - 7-14%;
proteins - 7-9%;
fiber - 19-23%;
BEV - 55-56%;
ashes - 2.4-4.3%;
fat - 0.3-0.55.
One kilogram of pulp contains 80 g of protein, 3.2 g of amino acids, 6.1 g of lysine, 5 g of calcium, 2 g of phosphorus, 154 g of sugar, 32 g of starch. In addition, the composition of this product includes biotin (0.001) and pantothenic acid (0.21). Dry pulp also contains vitamins B1 (0.55 mg / kg), B2 (0.20), B6 (0.18), C (5.0).
Domestic beet pulp producers
In our country, this type of feed is produced by many enterprises. You can buy it, for example, from Sotnitsynskaya Sugar Company LLC, established in 2005 on the basis of the Sotnitsynsky Sugar Plant OGUP.
Also, this product is sold by Yarragresurs LLC, whose head office is located in Yaroslavl. You can also purchase beet pulp granulated from the company LLC Stimul (Stary Oskol), LLC Smayl (Lipetsk), LLC Sputnik (Veliky Novgorod), etc.
Rules for storing dry pulp
Recently, the state has begun to pay maximum attention to the development of agriculture and, in particular, animal husbandry. New enterprises of this direction are constantly being registered in the country. The demand for feed, including beet pulp, is also growing. And consequently, its production is increasing. A significant part of dry loose pulp is sent to farms immediately after manufacture. Some farmers also purchase appropriate equipment and dry directly on site.
In order for the pulp to retain a large amount of nutrients and nutrients that are beneficial for animals, it should be properly stored. Like most other types of dried food, this product belongs to the group of capillary-porous hygroscopic. Therefore, the humidity in the room where the pulp is stored for storage should in no case exceed 60%. Already at 66%, xerophilic mold begins to develop in this product, at 81% - ordinary, and at 92% - pathogenic bacteria.
Beet pulp, therefore, is a valuable feed product, which is necessary to use when growing farm animals. But, of course, it should be added to the diet in reasonable dosages, and it must be stored correctly.