There is a technology for the study, description and design of specialties - profession. Studies of this kind are conducted taking into account socio-economic and psychological requirements. In this process, a professiogram is compiled. This is a peculiar result of the study. In the text below you can find out what this term means, for what purpose such studies are conducted, and what methods are used.
Definition
In the psychology of labor, there is a section - professionography. This term comes from two words. “Grafo” in translation sounds like “I am writing”, “profession” - as “permanent specialty”. What is the purpose of this area? Most often, the result of research (a professiogram) is information about an existing or projected specialty. But in some cases, the result of the study includes intermediate data on the current type of activity with possible changes. The study itself and its result - the professiogram - are the mandatory stages in the compilation of all scientific works in the psychology of ergonomics, labor and engineering. The object of study is all aspects of the labor process. Everyone can get acquainted with the classification of professions according to the works of famous psychologists K.K. Platonov, I.P. Titova and E.A. Klimov.
How did you begin to apply the concept?
Professiograms appeared in the 20s of the XIX century. Then the Soviet psychotechnics worked intensively on the creation of rules and methods for analyzing labor activity. Summing up the results of these studies, scientists have developed a section in the psychology of labor - professionography. This definition includes operations for the study, psychological assessment and design of the studied specialty. In addition, the attributes of objects that are the main components of the workflow, namely: subject, subject, task, tools and working conditions, are necessarily worked out here.
The basic principle of professiography was the separation approach to the study of specialties. The essence of this term is that the research process depends on the solution of certain problems. For example, for professional selection, only those signs are needed that make it possible to differentiate the subjects according to their suitability for a particular labor activity. The leading importance is the characterization of knowledge, skills, abilities and work functions. To determine professional fatigue, signs are selected that initiate this process.
Classification by type
Each professionogram is a document with its purpose, time of compilation, volume. In accordance with this, as well as by the availability of similar data, the research results are systematized. In addition, the following codifications are distinguished:
1. Information. Here, consultations are held with people who have not yet decided on the choice of profession. This technique consists in a brief and systematic description of the necessary characteristics.
2. Diagnostic. This type of research is used when it is necessary to find out the reasons for low productivity, low-quality products, staff turnover, high accident rate and injuries, and so on. To this end, conduct a study of legal, technical, psychological, as well as hygienic characteristics of labor. As practice shows, the definition of these indicators is of great importance for the final result of the work.
3. Predictive. This principle of analysis provides recommendations for improving professional skills in order to improve career growth.
Ways to create
Various schemes have been developed in accordance with which this or that professiogram is formed. An example of the simplest model was proposed by the psychologist E. A. Klimov. It is called the "specialty formula." The essence of the method is that all professions should be divided according to main subjects. In addition, human interaction with these objects is necessarily taken into account. For example, "individual - nature", "subject - technology", "man - an artistic image" and so on. It also highlights the purpose of labor, the use of means of activity and the most favorable production conditions.
The structure of the profession
To indicate the qualities that a particular specialty should possess, labor activities are divided into operations. Klimov, for this purpose, recommends highlighting the most important working qualities.
In any case, with the correct preparation of the professiogram, it is necessary to answer a number of questions. Namely:
1. What actions does a person commit? In this paragraph, you can use the method of observation or introspection.
2. How does he make them? That is, it is necessary here to present in detail the analysis of actions.
3. For what purpose does a person perform these operations?
4. What tools are used in the labor process? This paragraph should reflect the skills that an individual must possess in order to comply with the technological process.