A complex sentence is a complex of predicative units united by a syntactic link, whose task is to act as a communicative whole. Simply put, a complex sentence is a construction with two or more grammatical bases. In fact, these are a few simple sentences combined into one more complex unit.
The concept of “complex sentence and its types” causes some disagreement among philologists. A. A. Shakhmatova and her supporters believe that simple sentences included in the BSC do not lose their significance, both semantic and structural. Adherents of this theory deny the compound sentence (MSS) as an independent syntactic unit.
Philologists of the school V.V. Vinogradova, on the contrary, argue that simple sentences completely lose their independence within the framework of the BSC. This point of view is more popular, it was she who formed the basis for teaching the Russian language at school.
Types of complex sentences in Russian differ from each other by types of communication, which combines simple sentences as part of a complex.
Parts of the SSP are usually equivalent, always connected by creative unions. ( Warm days came, but in the evenings it was still cool. He did not like cheerful companies, and they did not favor him. ).
In turn, according to the type of unions, MTP are divided into subgroups. Parts can be connected by connecting unions (respectively, they will express connecting relationships). Usually, the actions that are indicated in each of the parts occur simultaneously. ( She was very scared, and her eyes were filled with tears. Not only my friend left yesterday, but his sister did not want to stay. ).
MTP with opposing unions denote actions that occur contrary to something or opposed. ( Nikolai sang poorly, but they put up with it in the choir. It rained for a week, but this morning the sun came out in the morning. Talk to your parents, otherwise they worry. ).
MTP with dividing unions share actions whose simultaneous course is impossible. ( Either the sun burns the earth almost to ashes, or it rains. It either thunders in the distance, or the sounds of a festive salute. ).
These types of complex sentences are used most often in speech, because they are relatively easy to construct.
The second group of complex sentences is complex subordinates (NGN). Their general meaning is already defined in the name: one part of such a construction is subordinate to another. ( I will be back when autumn comes. I waved for a long time after the column, which was gradually hiding behind the horizon. ). In such a design there is always a main and subordinate part.
These types of complex sentences are also divided according to the values expressed by alliances. The type of NGN is determined by the relative clause, and they can be:
- Definitive or pronouns. ( I love the city in which my childhood passed. I remembered the one that is the best for me.).
- Explanatory . (I'm glad I came today) .
- Circumstances, which, in turn, can express time, place, etc. ( I'll be back when I finish school. They drove in the direction the sounds came from. The more I get tired, the worse my brain works ).
The types of complex offers are not limited to MTP and NGN. There are no-union proposals (BSP). As follows from the definition, their parts are connected not by unions, but by intonation. BSP can have the meaning of explanations, causation, express sequence. ( We wake up at dawn, the younger ones get up later. We were afraid: the sound was too loud. I got sick - classes canceled because of this. ).
Types of complex sentences can have a more complex structure. They often have alliances and union-free communications. ( Night had come long ago, but the children did not fall asleep: they were disturbed by the loud music that came from the club ).
The use of complex sentences in speech indicates a good speech competence of the speaker.