An adverb is a part of speech that denotes a sign of an object, action, property or quality. The main feature of this feature is its non-processivity. An adverb as part of speech is characterized by the absence of inflection, but there are a number of exceptions that form a comparative degree.
By the general meaning of lack of process, all adverbs are similar to adjectives. Such a meaning determines the function of a word in a sentence: a verb, a noun, or another adverb are defined. In this case, between the words there is such a type of connection as adjacency. In addition, adverbs are used in a sentence in the function of a predicate and determine the sentence in general. Sentences with adverbs are characterized by the presence of relations that arise from the syntactic relationships of such words, and they are usually predetermined by lexical meanings. For example, the road home or everywhere water is a determination by place, a meeting by day or today by the sun is a determination by time, very funny by degree, measure.
Adverbs ending in –e or –o have a morphological category of degree of comparison, which is represented by two forms - positive and comparative degrees. For example, beautiful - beautiful, sweet - sweeter, bad - worse, good - better . A positive degree represents a sign beyond comparison, and in the form of a comparative degree, a sign is presented as one that is found to a large extent in comparison with its other manifestation. The methods and meaning of the formation of such forms coincide with the methods and meaning of the formation of a comparative degree of adjectives, and differ from the latter only syntactically.
An adverb as part of speech can be motivated or unmotivated. You can often find adverbs motivated by words that are unofficial parts of speech: adjectives (indifferent, friendly, good), nouns (day, spring, above), numerals (twice), adverbs (weak), verbs (swim, random) , pronouns (why).
Unmotivated adverbs are words that mean a sign as a circumstance: time (tomorrow, when, now), place (away, about), mode of action (otherwise), measure (as much).
In addition, an adverb as part of speech can be significant and pronoun, which depends on whether it calls a sign or only points to it. Pronoun adverbs, in turn, are divided into personal (in my opinion), reflexive (in their own way), indicative (here, then, so), definitive (everywhere, a lot), interrogative (where, why, how), indefinite ( anywhere, somewhere) and negative (nowhere, no way, nowhere). Often the word “which” (part of the pronoun speech) is erroneously called an adverb.
All adverbs are also divided into two categories: self-characterizing and circumstantial. The former denotes qualities, properties, mode of action, the latter denotes a feature that is external to the carrier. Also, self-characterizing adverbs can be qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative dialects are words in –o and –e that are motivated by adjectives: fun, sad, slow . They, as already mentioned above, can form degrees of comparison, they can form adverbs with a weak degree of manifestation of a particular sign (poor) and strengthening the sign (early).
Qualitative adverbs also include the so-called predicates - words that act as the main member of a sentence with modal meanings of necessity, opportunity, survival: it must, must, it can, it is impossible .
An adverb as part of speech is associated with most words in Russian. With independent words they are connected word-formation (motivated by other parts of speech), and unmotivated adverbs serve as the basis for the formation of prepositions, particles and conjunctions.