The minimal part for communication is the proposal. It is characterized by complete intonation at the end. In writing, this phenomenon is conveyed with a dot, question mark or exclamation point. Between words there is a semantic and grammatical connection. For the second, they use endings and prepositions. Each sentence has a core of the main members that make up the grammatical basis. It includes the subject and the predicate or one thing. Consider visual samples:
- The boy is learning the alphabet.
- Winter.
- It’s getting party.
And what are the sentences on the intonation and purpose of the statement?
Three groups of sentences on the purpose of the statement
Linguists have identified three groups of linguistic units according to the purpose of utterance: narrative, interrogative, and incentive. Narrative transmit information to the interlocutor. With the help of interrogative sentences the question is expressed. The incentives call for action. The topic, which there are sentences on intonation and the purpose of utterance, is studied even in the lower grades.
Narration
The first group includes narrative sentences. In them, something is reported, something is described (narrated). At the end of such constructions, the voice drops, and they contain a complete thought.
My friends go to kindergarten . (Tells or tells that friends go to kindergarten).
Peonies and tulips bloomed in the flowerbed . (Reports that peonies and tulips have bloomed in the flowerbed).
Children can be offered some more verbs that characterize narrative sentences:
- notify:
- to exchange;
- explain;
- inform;
- announce;
- report;
- to inform.
Question
The second group includes interrogative sentences. They are used, respectively, to ask various questions. A special intonation serves for this. A question mark is written at the end of such sentences . They use interrogative words: when, where, why, where. Can to ask with the help of particles or adverbs : often, exactly, whether, perhaps, really. Also, an interrogative sentence can be constructed in a special order of words.
When will you go to the museum?
Will you go to the museum?
Will you go to the museum?
Here are the actions that are performed using interrogative sentences:
- to ask;
- to interrogate;
- find out;
- to beg
- find out;
- elicit;
- to scout;
- find out.
Motivation for action
The third group includes incentive sentences. They are used to encourage people to take any action. For this, motive intonation is used. For the construction of such structures, particles, interjections, and verb forms are also used. Often such offers contain appeals.
Guys let's be friends!
Passengers, enter the carriage.
Clean the room immediately.
Using incentive sentences, the following can be expressed:
- forbid;
- ask;
- order;
- instruct;
- forbid;
- advise.
Emotionally colored sentences
Teachers often turn to children with this question: "What are the suggestions for intonation? Give examples." Any kind can have an emotional connotation, thanks to this the speaker can express his experience or attitude to what he reports. Most often, such phrases are pronounced in elevated tones, and in a letter this is indicated by an exclamation mark. Such sentences are called exclamations. What feelings can be expressed by an exclamation? Delight, surprise, fear, joy, admiration.
What a delicious cake!
How many berries in the forest!
People! Health is the most expensive!
Those sentences that are pronounced without emotional coloring are called non-exclamatory.
I ate a delicious cake.
There are a lot of berries in the forest.
Here are some suggestions for intonation. Examples clearly illustrate this.
Description of offers
After it becomes clear to the children what sentences there are for intonation and the purpose of the statement, it is worthwhile to analyze as many examples as possible and characterize the sentences.
The fluffy squirrel jumped on a fir-tree. (Narrative, non-exclamation.)
Were you in school? (Question., Non-exclusivity.)
Eat silently. ( Motive., Non-exaltation.)
How many flowers are in the meadow! (Narrative., Excl.)
And here are the suggestions that you can offer children to characterize on their own:
In the fall, colorful leaves fall.
A cold wind blows by the sea.
Let's play soccer.
You will succeed!
What a warm day has come!
Are all these gifts really for me ?!
How beautiful in the spring forest!
The pond was covered with ice.
Birds rejoice on a warm clear morning.
What wonderful mushrooms under the trees!
Protect the younger and the weak!
Boy, what happened?
Children will be able to determine the type of sentences and see which sentence is by intonation. Also, children can be invited to independently build not only narrative sentences, but also incentive and interrogative constructions. A very interesting task will be to continue the text with an interrogative and incentive sentence. Here is an example of the beginning of the text:
How fast May flew by! Summer vacation coming soon! In a few days, the long-awaited summer will come.
It is necessary to add this text and characterize each sentence.
Punctuation marks in sentences of various kinds
It’s easy for children to understand what are the suggestions for intonation. Grade 2 is already fruitfully adopting this topic. They should clearly remember the following material:
Suggestions are:
- Narrative exclamatory - narrative exclamatory.
- Interrogative non-exclamatory - interrogative exclamatory.
- Incentive Non-Exclamation - Incentive Exclamation.
Punctuation marks:
- At the end of the narrative non-exclamation point, a period is set. ( So the new school year has begun.)
- A question mark is placed at the end of the interrogative non-exclamation unit of communication. ( Mom already arrived?)
- The incentive non-exclamation construct ends with a dot. (Finish mopping up the dust and scrubbing the floors.)
- A narrative non-exclamation unit of communication is marked with an exclamation point . (Ah, how I slept well!)
- At the end of the interrogative exclamation point, two signs are put : interrogative and exclamation point. (Will you let me go to the forest ?!)
- An exclamation mark is placed at the end of a prompt exclamation sentence. ( Get the kids out of the room!)
- In the case of a special intensity of emotions, three exclamation points are allowed . (Beware, ahead of the cliff !!!)
- If the sentence has an incomplete effect, then you can put an ellipsis in the end. This applies to any type of offer. ( Too bad ...)
This is all the information about what sentence happens by intonation.