In complex sentences, we always find alliances and allied words. This is not surprising, because parts of these proposals, unlike complex ones, cannot be interconnected in any other way. We have to figure out what allied words are, how they are not like unions and how they are used in the text.
Unions and Allied Words
These are special speech units that exist to connect subordinate sentences with the main part of a complex sentence. Their main task is one, but they are still different from each other.
The Union is not an independent word; it is not a member of a proposal; it cannot be replaced by another independent word. A union word refers to independent parts of speech and, therefore, appears in the sentence as its member. In the text, it can be replaced without prejudice to other pronouns and pronouns, because the role of allied words is played by the pronouns and adverbs themselves.
Additional signs of difference
The above are not the only characteristics that separate the union and the union word. The differences between them also lie in the fact that unions do not have a logical emphasis in a sentence, but a union word does. Compare: "I am sure that (union) he will not come." / "I do not know what (union word) he will come up with this time."
Another union differs from the union word in that after it particles are completely inappropriate: namely, the same . After allied words, these particles can be put. Let us cite examples: “My current work is more interesting than the (union) old”. / "Find out what (the union word and particle) he will do." "I know what exactly (the union word and particle) he will do."
Finally, there is one more detail that helps to distinguish between these similar syntactic units: sometimes a union can be completely removed from a sentence by changing its punctuation, but the union word will not tolerate this. Examples: "Naum told Olga that (union) he was going to visit grandmother . " Compare: "Naum told Olga: he is going to visit grandmother." / "Michael thought about the feeling that (union word) had changed his whole life so quickly ." It is impossible to omit the union word, otherwise it will result in confusion: "Mikhail thought about feeling, so quickly changed his whole life."
Something About Unions
Unions combine both parts of a sentence and homogeneous members in simple sentences. According to morphological properties, they are subdivided into simple and compound, into complex and complex ones. Complex conjunctions, in turn, are divided into groups: connecting (and, also, not only ... but also); nasty (but, however, a, but); separating (either, then ... this, or, not that ... not that).
Subordinate unions come in six forms:
- Causal : because, because, due to the fact that, in connection with that and others (Example: “Guests came to Antosha because he has his birthday today.”)
- Target : in order to, in order to. (Example: “To find out the coordinates, he needed a compass.”)
- Temporary : while, when, barely, only. (Example: “It will be dark when I come for you.”)
- Conditional : if, if, if. (Example: “You can break if you jump from a great height.”)
- Comparative : as if, exactly, as if. (For example: “She danced so passionately with inspiration, as if it were the last time.”)
- Explanatory : how, what, to. (Example: “He was thinking about how to slip away without arousing suspicion.”)
Now let’s take a closer look at which tokens can be used in the meaning of allied words.
Pronouns
These are, first of all, relative pronouns, which indicate objects, signs and actions. We have already seen in the examples of the pronoun what, what . In addition to them, tokens are used by whom, whom, what, who, which as a union word. Examples:
- "I heard who Ivan is working now."
- "Think about whom you can meet in an abandoned village."
- “I saw a beauty that I have not seen since leaving Switzerland.”
- "Sergey felt pain in his shoulder, which always intensified in inclement weather."
As we have already mentioned, the union word can always be replaced by a pronoun. For example, the last sentence might look like this:
- “Sergey felt pain in his shoulder, it always intensified in inclement weather.”
The pronoun in the role of the union word
As a union word is the word how many , which is attributed to the pronoun numeral:
- “I asked Gennady how many years he had not been in Russia.”
Using pronouns
The pronoun adverbs can also play the role of allied words: where, where, where, how, when, why, why, why . Here are sentences with allied words in this category:
- “Explain to me nevertheless where you go every night.”
- "Eugene admitted where his millions came from."
- “I know where you were after dinner.”
- “Alik patiently told how and why he ended up in the camp of the enemy.”
- “There are moments when hands drop, and there is neither inspiration nor strength.”
- "He wants to know why this lady came to you."
And in these sentences allied words can be replaced by other significant words confirming the meaning of what cannot be done with unions.
Other features of allied words
The specificity of allied words is also the fact that they form stable pairs with indicative words: so - how, there - where, so much - how much, that - which, that - that, the one who, such - which and others. Examples:
- "I only value that wealth that is obtained by honest labor."
- "Matrena knew as many sayings as it seems that not a single person can remember."
- "Here is the wondrous man who gave people hope . "
Allied words in a complex sentence should not be confused with compound unions. Differences between them can be determined according to the previous scheme. We give an example with a pair like this :
- Since - an integral union: "Ilya did not utter a word, since he had nothing to say . " In this proposal, the union is not a member of the proposal, it does not have a logical stress, it cannot be replaced by an independent word. If you remove it by putting a colon in its place, the meaning of the statement will not change: "Ilya did not utter a word: he had nothing to say . "
- So - as a pair of an allied word as well as an index word is : “I have never had to solve this problem the way I did it today.” The union word as is a pronoun, in a sentence is a circumstance of the mode of action. Logical stress falls on it, after it a particle is pertinent, it is precisely it that cannot be removed from the sentence without prejudice to meaning. There is also a punctuation difference: there is no punctuation between the parts of a compound union, and it is between the index and union words. In addition, the index word does not necessarily stand next to the union: "I have never had to solve this problem like I did it today."
We found out what a union word is, how it differs from a union, and how to prevent mistakes in its definition.