Project 1135 ships occupy a special place in the history of the Russian fleet. They differed significantly from their predecessors, were elegant, armed with advanced systems and facilities. They introduced all the innovative developments of that time. TFR of this project was the most popular and revered by sailors.
Design history
Project 1135 began to be developed between 1964 and 1966. The management of the work was carried out by the Northern Design Bureau. The new ship was cut into a wide range of tasks, along with escorting convoys through difficult areas in which hostilities are being conducted, solving tasks to combat enemy submarines and providing air defense for convoys and ship formations.
Due to the fact that the displacement should be less compared to Project 1134 (a large anti-submarine ship), helicopters on these ships were not provided. However, it was supposed to equip them with modern missile systems capable of hitting not only submarines, but also surface targets.
Beginning of Project 1135 Petrel
As noted above, the new patrol ships, which were named - Project 1135 "Petrel", were designed at the Northern Design Bureau (TsKB-35, Leningrad). The performance characteristics of the patrol ship (abbreviated as TFR) were to provide air defense and anti-ship defense of ships and transports in the near zone of the sea, guaranteed to destroy enemy aircraft and cruise missiles at low altitudes. TTZ for the development of a new series of ships, the leadership of the USSR Navy issued in 1964.
The construction was supposed to be carried out in 3 places, namely in Kaliningrad (the Baltic shipyard Yantar), Kerch (the Zaliv plant), Leningrad (the Severnaya Verf shipyard). The number of ships of the project 1135 was laid to cover the needs of all four fleets of the USSR.
Features of TFR
The patrol ship of project 1135 provided navigation to a range of up to 4000 nautical miles at a speed of 14 knots. The maximum speed was in the range of 32 knots with a displacement of 2800 tons. TFRs were equipped with modern gas turbine and power plants.
New ships were required to provide acceptable conditions for the crew. The project provided for double cabins for officers and midshipmen, two sailor canteens, a galley. For sailors in the bow and stern compartments cubicles were created to accommodate from 10 to 15 people each.
Created ships have earned the praise of experts. TFRs perfectly enter the wave; their fillability and spatterability in all speed ranges is minimal. The use of weapons is possible without problems at any speed, including when the sea is rough 4 points. With the use of pitching damper devices, armament can be used for waves of more than 5 points.
The unsinkability of the TFR was achieved by the fact that the ship's hull was divided into 14 waterproof compartments. Specialists laid down the conditions so that the ship could provide buoyancy if 3 adjacent compartments or 5 non-adjacent ones were flooded.
TFRs were equipped with sufficient rescue equipment: a motor boat; 6 oar yale; 20 emergency rafts PSN-310.
The engine system is two M-7K gas turbine units. The power of each is 24,000 horsepower. They were housed in pairs in adjacent engine rooms.
In addition, there was an energy supply system: a gas turbine unit, consisting of a mid-flight turbine with a capacity of 6,000 horsepower; afterburner gas turbine plant with a capacity of 18,000 horsepower.
The maximum fuel supply was in the range from 450 to 550 tons. If the ship used full speed, then the fuel spent 390 kg per mile, while the range reached 1300 miles.
Standard weapons of the project 1135
The model 1135 patrol ship was equipped with the following weapons:
- Two twin 76 mm tower artillery mounts. They were located aft. Ammunition assumed 500 shells per barrel. Their delivery was carried out from the cellar, which was located under the tower. Gun mounts were armored. Armor thickness - 5 mm. They provided a rate of fire of 40-45 shots with one barrel, which should then be cooled for 3 minutes with outboard water. The barrel of the installation itself, with complete failure, had to withstand 3,000 rounds.
- Two short-range air defense systems "Osa-M". One was located in the bow of the ship, the second - in the stern. They were located in special cellars of the deck, and a combat set was also located there (24 anti-aircraft guided missiles for each complex). Missiles were installed in 4 reels, 5 pieces each. Recharged in 20 seconds. The rate of fire of the complex is 2–2.8 rounds per minute, depending on the types of targets (air, surface). The complex detected targets at a range of 25-30 km, while the detection height corresponded to 3.5-4 km. The minimum height at which the target was guaranteed was 60 m above sea level.
- One opposite complex URPK-4 "Blizzard", which was located in the bow of the TFR. The kit was 4 torpedoes. When launching a torpedo, it at a given point was separated from the missile and carried out parachute splashdown. Then she plunged into the depths, searching for the target of the homing system. Its depth is calculated at 400 m, the speed in the search mode is 23 knots, and when you aim at the target 40 knots. Range 8 km.
- Two jet bombers RBU-6000 "Smerch-2." Located in the bow of the vessel. The ammunition was in the cellar, loading barrels was carried out remotely. The range of the target is from 300 to 5800 m. The target was struck at a depth of 15 to 450 m. The submarine was guaranteed to collapse when a bomb was detonated at a distance of up to 7 meters.
- Two 533-mm torpedo tubes CTA-53-1135. They were on the sides of the ship. The warhead of the torpedo weighed 500 kg, and the torpedo itself was 2.1 tons. Its speed was in the range of 40-43 knots. Range 19 km, depth 12 m. Each torpedo launcher had an ammunition of 8 pieces per vehicle.
- 16 min IGDM-500. To simplify the installation of mines during the movement of the ship, special rails were used. The depth range in the place of their setting ranged from 8 to 35 m.
Project 1135 ships were also equipped with jamming installations, various fire control systems, radiation stations, and other necessary equipment.
The main performance characteristics implemented in the 1135 Burevestnik project are as follows: displacement of the Special Design Bureau - standard 2810 tons, total 3200 tons; ship length 123 m, width 14.2 m; autonomy of swimming - 15 days. The crew of the project 1135 in standard terms - 191 people, of which 22 officers, 27 warrant officers.
TFR construction sites
The construction of ships of the 1135 series was carried out at three plants, namely:
- The Baltic shipyard Yantar (Kaliningrad city) built 8 ships from 1970 to 1975.
- The Zaliv factory (the city of Kerch) built 7 ships for the period from 1971 to 1981.
- The Severnaya Verf Shipyard (Leningrad city) built 6 ships from 1976 to 1979.
The first of the series, the watchful ship Vigilant, was adopted by the Baltic Fleet in December 1970.
Currently, in the Russian Navy, all ships of Project 1135 are decommissioned. Only SKR “Ladny” remains in service.
TFR for the KGB of the USSR
For the needs of the border troops of the KGB of the USSR, a separate ICR project was developed. The following tasks were determined for him:
- maintenance of sentinel service;
- implementation of security measures in the economic zone of the USSR;
- fight against smuggling.
The developed project in the early seventies began to be called 1135.1 "Nereus." This was a further development of projects 1135 and 1135M. The differences were in the composition of the armament and the presence on the ship of a helipad and a place for a helicopter.
It was supposed to make a series of 12 ships. The main area of their application was defined by the Pacific Ocean. The lead ship for the border troops was built at the Zaliv factory and put into operation in December 1983.
In total, under the project 1135.1 the following were built: TFR Dzerzhinsky; TFR "Eagle"; TFR "Anadyr"; TFR "Kedrov".
Work on the border series was discontinued during the collapse of the USSR. Of the three ships laid down at this time, only Kirov missile systems were completed. It was put into operation in April 1993 and adopted by the Ukrainian Navy. Now this ship is the flagship of the Navy of this country under the name U130 "Getman Sagaidachny".
The design of the border ships did not actually differ from the standard 1135. The main difference is the hangar and the platform for the Ka-27 helicopter.
According to experts, the frontier ships of the 1135.1 series had very powerful weapons, which usually were not equipped with coast guard patrol ships. However, this could be explained by the fact that during the design of the frontier TFR, incidents have repeatedly occurred in various regions of the ocean where fisheries were conducted in the interests of countries. As a result, some maritime states sent warships there to protect their fishermen.
Project 1135 patrol ship: modifications
The ships of the 1135 project in NATO had the Krivak classification, and the type was the frigate.
The project was modernized, namely:
- patrol ship of project 1135 - the basis of the project;
- 1135M - deep modernization of the project with an increase in displacement up to 3000 tons;
- 1135.1 - border patrol ship;
- 1135.2 - modernized project 1135M;
- 1135.3 - modernized project 1135M with an increase in displacement up to 3150 tons.
The modern history of the project
In the period 1999-2013. Under the project 1135.6, 6 Talwar frigates were built for the Indian naval forces.
Since 2010, in the interests of the Russian Navy, a program has been launched to launch updated project 1135.6 (1135.7). This is a deep modernization of the patrol ship of project 1135. In its manufacture low-visibility technologies are used. The equipment is implemented on a modern elemental base. Weapons are advanced and extremely efficient systems.
Currently, the Yantar Shipyard has an order for the construction of 6 ships, namely: the Admiral Essen patrol ship, Admiral Grigorovich, Admiral Makarov, Admiral Butakov, Admiral Istomin, Admiral Kornilov. The first three are put into operation. The rest are under construction and sea trials.
Of this group, the Admiral Essen patrol ship, based on the Black Sea, is known for repeatedly launching the Caliber missile launcher on ISIS fighters in Syria during missions in the Mediterranean Sea.
Historical facts
In November 1975, the commander of the SKR “Watchdog” ship V. Sablin raised the flag of the “coming communist revolution”. He actually captured the ship and made an attempt to enter Leningrad and anchor on the Neva. He put forward demands to give him the opportunity to broadcast live on Central Television, as he wanted to convey to the people the truth about the situation in the country. However, on November 9, the “Watchdogs” were surrounded by border ships, obstructed its movement by dropping bombs on the course, and fired at it. Sablin was arrested, taken to Moscow, tried and shot.
Another well-known case is connected with the TFR “Bezavavetniy”. On February 12, 1988, two American ships Yorktown and Karon entered the territorial waters of the USSR near the city of Yalta (Crimea). After unsuccessful warnings about the inadmissibility of crossing the USSR border and demands to leave territorial waters, the commander of the Special Defense Forces Bezavavetny launched two bulkheads at the stern of Yorktown, causing damage to equipment and lining of the sides. As a result of the incident, American ships left the territorial waters of the USSR.
TFR Zadorny (Northern Fleet) is known for having made numerous trips to the shores of America during its service until 2005. Repeatedly recognized as the best ship of the Northern Fleet.