How is the composition proposal parsed?

From the first grade, students are introduced to various types of linguistic analysis. It all starts with dividing tokens into syllables and sounds. In the second grade, parsing of the word by composition is added . An offer is the next unit that children should get to know. Let's talk about how to correctly parse and what difficulties you may encounter here.

Grammar

A sentence is a syntactic unit consisting of related words. It conveys a relatively complete thought. Parsing a sentence by composition involves identifying the roles that individual words perform.

It is recommended to start the analysis by highlighting the grammatical basis. It includes two members of the proposal:

• Subject that names the subject or object of speech. It answers the questions of the nominative case: "Who? What?". Most often, the subject is the noun (the cat is sleeping) or the pronoun (I went). When parsing, this sentence member is underlined by one line.
• A predicate telling about what happened to the subject. Most often they ask him a question: “What is he doing?”, Although other options are possible (What is he? What is he?) Usually, the verb acts as a predicate, but there are exceptions (This person is my father). Emphasize it with two features.

The proposal may include both main members or one of them. For example: "Winter. It is getting light."

Minor members

Grammar is a necessary attribute of any sentence. But minor members are not always present. Before we analyze the compositional proposals, let us recall them.

• A definition describes an object, naming its attributes. They ask him questions: "What / s / s / s?" or "Whose?". Most often, adjectives or participles play this role. In parsing, the definition is usually denoted by a wavy line.
• The appendix concretizes information about the subject and answers questions from any cases other than nominative (what? About whom? What?). Often they are nouns. Underline the supplement by a dotted line.
• The circumstance tells about the features of the action: its purpose, place, reason, time, etc. This member of the sentence answers the questions: "How? Where? Where? Why? When? Where? Why?". Often expressed by nouns, adverb, participle. It is highlighted by a dotted line with dots.

Difficult cases

What problems do students have when analyzing the composition proposal? Not everyone can clearly define the role of a particular word. Moreover, for some members of the proposal, you can ask two questions at once. For example: "lived (where? What?) In the house." In this case, it is proposed to dwell on one option.

Problems arise with the definition of the role of various turns (participial, participial). At school, it is customary to distinguish them as one member of a sentence. If there is direct speech in the analyzed statement, then it is considered a separate sentence.

Many questions are related to the service parts of speech. On the one hand, they are not members of the proposal. But they can be part of separate turns (bathing in a river) or predicates (let them come, have not seen). In many Russian language textbooks, children are taught to emphasize prepositions along with the nouns to which they relate. But the introductory words, appeals do not stand out.

Parsing the composition: an example

Let's see how this kind of parsing is performed in practice. Let's take a simple sentence, which you can read in the picture.

1. Find the subject. To do this, use the question: "What?". The sentence speaks of the sun, we emphasize this word. We mark part of the speech above.
2. What did the sun do? Lit up. We found the predicate, it is expressed by the verb. Draw an arrow from above, sign the question.
3. Now we highlight the secondary members of the sentence. Lighted when? In the morning. So we have a circumstance. We emphasize, sign part of the speech - the noun, draw the arrow from the predicate.
4. Illuminated what? The village. We found the complement, and it is also expressed as a noun. We mark all this in a notebook, we indicate it graphically.
5. Which village? Native. This adjective name is a definition. We emphasize it with a wavy line and sign the question on top, as well as part of the speech.

Composition of complex sentences

In the above example, one grammatical basis was present. However, there may be several. Such sentences are called complex. One of them is in front of you in the picture. We will analyze it according to the terms of the sentence.

1. We find the grammatical basis. What? Leaflet. This is subject. What does the leaflet do? Flies. Before us is the predicate. We emphasize them, sign the parts of speech. We read the sentence further. What? Chill. As you can see, there are two subjects in the sentence. What is the chill doing? It is ramping up. The second grammatical basis is found.
2. We find the boundaries of simple sentences, number each part from above. You can distinguish them with a vertical bar.
3. We distinguish secondary members, first in one part of the sentence, and then in the other. We denote them graphically. We sign the parts of speech.

Parsing a composition proposal is not an easy task. Sometimes professional linguists can not come to an unambiguous solution, defining the role of a particular word. However, with practice, it will be given to you more and more easily. The main thing is not to be afraid of mistakes and be patient.