The word “aviation” is inextricably linked with travel, transportation of goods, the sphere of extreme entertainment and the performance of military tasks. This term refers to the field of scientific and technical work, the purpose of which is to develop airspace within the Earth’s atmosphere. About what aviation is, its features and varieties will be discussed in this article.
Start
Studying the meaning of the word "aviation", it is necessary to turn to the explanatory dictionary. It says that it is:
- The industry associated with the movement of aircraft.
- Vehicles by air, air fleet.
What language did the word "aviation" come from in Russian? The term came from French aviation, which, in turn, was formed from Latin - avis, which means “bird”.
Since ancient times, man has been trying to overcome gravity and rise up. The first known tester who worked on the creation of the aircraft is Architent Tarentsky. According to the ancient Greek philosopher and scientist Favorin, Architus of Tarentus around 400 BC. e. managed to create a dove from a tree that could fly a distance of about two hundred meters. Also known is the flight of a man in a balloon, which was carried out in China in 559.
Description
Considering what aviation is, it should be noted that this is one of the youngest and most developing scientific fields. The main direction of this science is the development and further creation of aircraft of various types and purposes. Work is also underway to improve performance to improve range, flight speed, and also to reduce fuel costs.
All this is a whole scientific complex, consisting of many research institutes, design bureaus and many enterprises and factories. So, for example, several dozen enterprises can work on the creation of one aircraft.
Types of aircraft
Continuing to study what aviation is, one should consider the types of aircraft. First of all, they are divided into those that are intended for flights in space and in the atmosphere of the Earth. Today the following types are produced:
- airships;
- Balloons;
- gyros;
- quadrocopters;
- multicopter;
- Helicopters
- gliders;
- ekranoplans;
- hang gliders;
- UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles);
- convertiplanes (screwplanes);
- Helicopters
- aircraft;
- rockets.
The parachute is also mistakenly attributed to them, but this is not true. This is just a means of safely landing a person. However, one of its varieties - the wing - can rightfully be called a full-fledged aircraft.
Kinds
Considering what aviation is in more detail, it must be emphasized that, according to the Air Code of the Russian Federation, it is divided into:
- civilian;
- state;
- military;
- FSB;
- Ministry of Emergencies;
- general purpose;
- commercial;
- experimental.
There is also a separation according to the principle of flight, namely:
- Aerodynamic - with the help of reactive force, due to the fact that part of the air that flows around the flying body during its movement is thrown down. For example, jets.
- Aerostatic - using the so-called Archimedean force, which is equal to the force of gravity displaced by the body itself of a certain mass of air (balloons).
- Inertial - using the inertia of a flying body obtained from the initial reserve of height and speed. Also, this type of flight is called passive (gliders).
- Rocket-dynamic - with the help of reactive force, due to discarding parts (parts) of the mass of the flying body itself. According to the law of conservation of momentum of the entire system, movement occurs (rocket launchers, rockets).
There are more complicated classification systems, however, they are intended directly for a narrow circle of people working in this area.
Aviation is an extremely important area in the life of all mankind. A fast communication system in the conditions of the whole world directly depends on it. Delivery of goods and passengers over distances of many thousands in a short period of time is impossible neither by road, nor by rail, nor by sea.
Aviation today is the fastest growing scientific field. Speed barriers are set by nature itself, otherwise, today's passenger aircraft could reach speeds above 3000 km / h, but the human body is not designed for such overloads. It should be said that the aviation industry does not stand still, and who knows what discoveries await mankind in this area.