Regions of the Russian Federation: description, features and interesting facts

Russia is a country with vast territories. It has a serious impact on the global economic and political situation. In the world, Russia is associated with forests, cold, snow and bears. However, the Russian Federation is called a European state, although 2/3 of the entire territory is located in Asia.

Russia is washed by 12 seas, its territory covers 11 time zones. The climate is diverse, in Yakutia in winter it can be -55 degrees, and in Sochi in summer +50.

General characteristics of the administrative device

The administrative and territorial structure of the country is determined by the Constitution. In Russia, the main law was adopted on December 12, 1993, it determines that it is a democratic republic, which includes 85 units of equal subjects. Over 24 years, a number of changes have been made, as a result of the Russian Federation includes:

Distinctive features of the area

Unlike republics, regions of the Russian Federation do not have their own constitutions, local laws and their own language. Like republics, regions do not have sovereignty. Regions cannot be included in other administrative units of the country, but they have the right to unite with others (merger). In fact, the region and the region have the equivalent legal status, which is determined by the main law of the country and the charter adopted at the local level.

All regions of the Russian Federation are formed on a territorial basis and do not have a pronounced nationality, unlike the republics. They are included in certain counties, of which there are currently 8.

Central

The district was formed in 2000, it does not have republics in its composition, but only cities of federal significance and the regions of the Russian Federation (Lipetsk, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Oryol, Tambov and others, a total of 18). The capital is the city of Moscow. The district is the largest in size among all, but does not have its own access to the oceans and the sea.

The Moscow region of the Russian Federation is informally called the Moscow Region, without a formed administrative center. It is part of the Central Federal District. In its modern form, the Moscow region of the Russian Federation was formed in January 1929, the predecessor was the Moscow province. Despite the fact that the city of Moscow is a separate subject of the Russian Federation, most of the state bodies of the Moscow region are located in the capital.

An interesting fact is that the region occupies more than 44 thousand kilometers, that is, in fact, you can place a small European state here, for example, Denmark, which occupies only 43 thousand kilometers. The number of residents in the Moscow region is 7.4 million, judging by statistics at the beginning of this year, and this figure is almost equal to the population of Bulgaria (7.1 million).

Northwestern

This district occupies 10% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation, with 1.6 million inhabitants. As part of this district in the territory of the Russian Federation, the regions: Leningrad, Arkhangelsk, Pskov, Murmansk, Vologda, Novgorod, Kaliningrad. The district also includes a city of federal significance - St. Petersburg, which is considered the center, as well as the Nenets Autonomous District, the Republic of Karelia and Komi.

It is an interesting fact that it was in the Leningrad Region that diamond pipes were found, but due to the peculiarities of the local climate, industrial mining is impossible. Here is the village of Komarovo, which became famous thanks to the popular song Sklyar Igor.

In the region there is the Lindulov Larch Grove Nature Reserve, protected by UNESCO. It is known not only for huge trees, but also for an enormous anthill, reaching a height of 180 cm.

South

Today it has 8 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In 2016, the Crimean Republic and the city of federal significance - Sevastopol, became part of the district.

The following regions of the Russian Federation are in the district:

• Astrakhan;
• Rostov;
• Volgograd.

Also included are the Republic of Kalmykia, Adygea and Krasnodar Territory. The administrative center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

In the Rostov region, a writer was born - Anton Chekhov, in the city of Taganrog. In Rostov-on-Don, there are Horizontal and Vertical streets, however, they do not intersect, but lie parallel to each other. The city of Mine even got into the Guinness Book of Records, and this is due to the fact that many Olympic champions were born here.

North Caucasian

The region occupies only 1% of the total area of ​​the entire territory of the country, with the administrative center in the city of Pyatigorsk. The following republics are included in the district:

• Dagestan;
• Ingushetia;
• Kabardino-Balkarian;
• Karachay-Cherkess;
• North Ossetia Alania;
• Chechnya

The district includes the Stavropol Territory.

Volga

The main thing is not to confuse the district and the Volga region, these are two completely different concepts, but regions are located in different parts of the country. The territory of the district does not have its own access to the oceans, it occupies 6.06% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Most of the residents live in the city - 72%. Center - the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

There are 7 regions in the region (Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Orenburg, Samara, Saratov and Ulyanovsk). In the district 1 region - Perm - and 5 republics:

• Mari El Republic;
• Mordovia;
• Tatarstan
• Udmurtia;
• Chuvash.

Interestingly, Nizhny Novgorod itself was considered a closed city until 1991; foreigners were not allowed into it. Maxim Gorky was born in the city, in whose honor he was renamed in 1932, but the historical name was returned in 1990. And in the city of Dzerzhinsk, the great-great-granddaughter of Lieutenant Rzhevsky lives, her name is Kaleria Orekhova-Rzhevskaya. In the village of Kriusha there is an old mill, which tilted more than the Leaning Tower of Pisa (the slope is only 5 degrees, and the 150-year-old mill has 12).

Ural

The legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide for republics in the region, however, the region includes two autonomous districts - Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The central city of the district is Yekaterinburg.

In addition to two joint-stock companies, the region includes several areas:

• Sverdlovsk;
• Tyumen;
• Chelyabinsk.

What is the Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation? In the field of security, during the Second World War, a strategically important object was located in Sverdlovsk. 200 factories from all over the country were evacuated to this region. In 1941, all the treasures of the Hermitage were transported here. In August of that year, Yuri Levitan moved to Sverdlovsk, it is believed that he was broadcasting from here about the situation at the front.

Siberian

The territory is second only to the Far Eastern District. It occupies 30.04%, the administrative center is Novosibirsk. Despite most of the occupied territory, only 19.326 million people live in the okrug. There are 4 republics in the region: Altai, Khakassia, Buryatia and Tuva. Three territories - Transbaikal, Altai and Krasnoyarsk, as well as 5 regions:

• Tomsk;
• Kemerovo;
• Omsk;
• Novosibirsk;
• Irkutsk.

Due to the pendulum migration, the population of the Novosibirsk region is growing every day by 100 thousand people. A stone meteorite was dug near the village of Orlovka in 1928, which weighed 4.5 kilograms.

Far Eastern

The largest territorial district in the Russian Federation, almost all of its subjects have access to the sea, except for the Jewish and Amur regions. And the Sakhalin Oblast has no land borders with other territorial units of Russia.

Another interesting fact: the county has maritime borders with the USA and Japan, and land borders with the DPRK. In the region, the only autonomous region in the whole country is Jewish. The administrative center is Khabarovsk.

In addition to the Jewish Autonomous Region, in the district:

In relation to the Jewish region, the policy of the Russian Federation is such that only this region has been granted autonomy status. As of 2010, in the region only 1% of Jews. The main outflow of Jews occurred in 1996 and 1998. It was during that period that the majority of the population left the region, having moved to Israel. For example, in 1939, 16.2% of the population were precisely Jews. Until now, most city signs are made in two languages ​​- Russian and Yiddish.