Domestic lathe 16K20 belongs to the category of screw-cutting devices. Its release was established at the factory "Red Proletariat" in 1973. Part of the parts was supplied by the Gomel Combine of Machine Tools The modern analogue of the machine in question is the GS526U unit. The main scope of the device is industrial production, in the private sector it is irrelevant due to the high cost and rather impressive dimensions.
Characteristics of the lathe 16K20
The equipment under consideration is used for threading (metric, modular, pitch, inch configuration) and for some other turning operations. This unit was widely used in the industry of post-Soviet countries. The model was discontinued in 1989, but in the modern market you can find an identical Chinese copy with the same nameplate.
The main parameters of the lathe 16K20:
- Accuracy class - N.
- The maximum diameter of the workpiece is 50 mm.
- A similar turning indicator is 220 mm.
- The length of the serviced product to the maximum is 2 meters.
- Transverse / longitudinal feed limits - 1.4 / 2.8 mm / rev.
- The power rating of the main electric motor is 11 kW.
- Length / width / height of the machine - 2.5 (3.79) / 1.19 / 1.5 m. Length depends on version.
- The mass of equipment with a complete set is 3.6 tons.
Management and equipment
Lathe 16K20 refers to expensive equipment and requires appropriate care. First, get acquainted with its management. Handwheels and switches are controlled manually. The unit is additionally equipped with a center tool holder, with which holes of mechanical and manual feed are processed. In this case, the tailstock is not involved.
By moving the variable caliper slide, the axes of the cutting tool and the spindle interact. Prior to processing, it is necessary to push the reticle into the bracket until it stops. The cross slide handle adjusts the position of the torch axis.
Lathes for metal 16K20 are equipped with a hard stop of the micrometric type, which is responsible for longitudinal movement. On request, a device with a top slide and a mechanical stroke is offered. In addition, a device is provided for multi-pass threading and finishing of multifaceted parts. This unit includes a hydrocopy caliper, taper ruler and tool holder.
The monolithic base of the equipment has a box configuration with red-hot grinding guides. The box additionally serves for the assembly of chips, and is also a container responsible for cooling the working fluid.
Malfunctions
In some cases, it may be necessary to repair or replace individual parts of the 16K20 lathe. Most often, repair work is carried out in terms of grinding the bed, replacing bearings or friction clutches of the gearbox. In a similar gear control unit, gears and bearings most often change.
The apron is repaired by replacing the master nut, bearings, grinding guide rails. When troubleshooting caliper malfunctions, screws, nuts, wedges are replaced, followed by grinding of the guide elements. If it is necessary to restore the working capacity of the tailstock, the pins are usually replaced, the working holes are bored, and the guide parts are scrapped. A major overhaul also means replacing the electrical filling, checking the accuracy and geometry of the unit, installing a cooling system.
Repair of lathes 16K20
The preparatory process includes checking the equipment at idle. This allows you to identify noise and vibrational moments at different positions of the spindle. At this stage, a prototype can be processed to determine the condition of the supports. Such manipulation is mandatory, as it allows you to detect defects that are practically not noticeable during operation.
Grinding is the cleaning of all protruding edges and potholes on the surface of the skeleton of the machine. The bed is installed on the table, fixing on the inner corners. At this stage, it is necessary to accurately verify the parallel location of the assembly with respect to the surface of the workbench. This can be done using the construction level. The bed is fixed by means of overlays and screws with a deflection of 0.05 mm.
Restoring Guide Elements
Some factories carry out test hardening of the machine by rolling. In some cases, quenching is additionally used, which increases the resistance of component parts to wear. The repair method is selected based on the degree of hardness of the guide parts and the existing repair base.
The most popular ways to restore guides are the following options:
- Planing.
- Scraper.
- Grinding.
Scraping refers to the most time-consuming repair process, even with minimal wear. In most cases, this manipulation is carried out mechanically, which gives a certain economic effect.
Grinding provides a high cleanliness and precision finish. This method is optimal when working with hardened surfaces. Grinding makes it possible to increase productivity several times, compared with the operation of scraping. When processing hardened guide elements, additional finishing is required.
Reviews and price
A 16K20 metal lathe, the price of which starts from 850 thousand rubles, replaced the obsolete 1K62 version. New equipment has the best features. Users among the quality parameters of equipment distinguish the following parameters:
- Long working resource.
- Reliability.
- Processing accuracy.
- High performance.
- Work safety.
- Simplicity and ease of maintenance.
Marking
The machine under consideration is focused on the processing of conical, cylindrical and non-standard surfaces. Users note the versatility of the equipment, since the bases can be of external and internal type. In addition, the unit serves for cutting various types of threads. The owners also point to the possibility of using the machine for processing end surfaces using cutters, drills, countersinks, taps and dies.
When buying the described equipment, pay attention to the alphanumeric code in the model name. In the index, the unit indicates that the machine is a turning type, the number 6 - the possibility of carrying out screw-cutting operations. The letter "K" in the name of the unit is a generation of machine equipment, the last figure indicates the maximum height of the centers (220 mm). The presence in the name of the letter "P" indicates increased accuracy of the device.
Finally
The 16K20 lathe, the reviews of which are given above, refers to high-precision equipment. Nevertheless, from time to time, like any equipment, it requires repair. Most often, self-repair involves replacing worn parts or polishing potholes and sharp edges. Overhaul and more serious repair work is preferably entrusted to the master. It is imperative to check the carriage, apron and guiding elements after level repair. Otherwise, the processing accuracy may be significantly impaired.