Vowel after vowel. Vowels after sizzling

Vowels in the Russian language are few, but there are a lot of spelling rules concerning them. These letters are found in various parts of the word and in combination with various consonants. Particular difficulty is caused by vowels after sizzling. There are a lot of rules here, we will try to systematize them and give specific examples. Also a lot of controversy is caused by the iotated vowel. After a vowel of this kind, as a rule, a dividing soft sign is written . Usually, the letter is considered to be the letter that stands in a weak position (i.e., under stress), however, in combination with hissing and a strong position can cause many questions. Therefore, we will analyze the rules for vowels in both a strong and a weak position.

Iotated vowels

First, let's examine what an iotated vowel is. After a vowel, at the beginning of a word or before a hard or soft sign, such letters are pronounced with the sound [th] at the beginning: [yo] g (hedgehog), vran '[yo] (lies), ple [ya] yes (pleiades).

This is e, e, u, i , and also. The last vowel after the vowel has iotated design, and also at the beginning of the word, but not after soft and hard signs. For example, Zina [yi] yes (Zinaida), but [and] grief.

E after the vowel also gives an iotated sound: in [ye] hal, in [ye] nny.

Letters a, y after sizzling

The use of the term hissing consonants is fairly common. What does he mean? These are the sounds that, when articulated, are accompanied by a characteristic hissing design. This is w, w, w, h, c .

It should be said that initially they had a pair in softness or were always hard, but with the development of the language they lost either a pair (for example, [w], [w]) or from originally hard became soft ([h]).

This explains the vowel after them. After a vowel, the hissing one, as a rule, does not affect anything. So, after sizzling, only a or u is always written (the use of i or u is considered a gross mistake). For example: Jacqueline, jasmine, creepy, screw, shawl, sorrel, pike, thicket, gull, heron, tsunami.

This rule does not apply to words of foreign origin, certain surnames and place names: brochure, Jules, Qianjian, parachute, jury, Kotsyubynsky, Steponavichyus.

Spelling and s sizzling

It should be remembered that after all hissing, except for c , only the letter and is written. Any vowel or other vowel sound may follow a vowel.

For example: bold, animal, life, broad, fascist, kids, shield, raincoats, bream, shine, swords, read.

There are exceptions in the rule, they relate to proper names, they can be written in them. For example, the Vietnamese name is Chuong.

And or s combined with

Let us see which vowels should be written after c . The letter s is written in the following cases:

1. If it stands at the end of a noun or adjective. For example: three capitals, well-done daredevils, scanty fur, a narrow-faced man, pickles.
2. In proper and common nouns having the suffix -yn or -tsyn-: Tsaritsyno, Golitsyn, fox tail, Kunitsyn fur.
3. In some exception words: gypsy (and all its derivatives), chicken, poke, tiptoe.

In surnames and / or s after c is not regulated by the rule, only title documents, in which the correct spelling is indicated. Suppose, in the surnames Kunitsyn, Staritsyn it is written s , and Yeltsin or Vitsin must be written through and .

Now we will analyze the cases when after q it is required to use and . These are all those that do not fall under the above rules.

• The roots of words (except for the exceptions listed in paragraph 3 of the previous rule). For example: a figure, a circus, a tsigeyka, specific, a cylinder, Tsiolkovsky, a vaccine.
• Suffixes of foreign origin: constitution, revolution, organization, interpretation, medicine, routing, calcite.
• As a link between the parts of a compound word and in abbreviations it is also written: All-Russian Central Executive Committee, special interview, blitzform.

Shock position o, e in combination with hissing

In a strong position to transmit sound [e] after sizzling should write e . For example: pearls, tin, whispers, rustling, crevice, rubble, goal, centner, jaw, honor.

Vowels o / e after sizzling obey their rules.

To begin with, we will analyze when to write about .

1. If it is part of the ending of nouns or adjectives (barge, boundary, shoulder, gun, alien, large), as well as the suffix of adverbs: hot, fresh.
2. If is a suffix of a noun. We list the options for such morphemes: -ok- (friend, circle, pie, jump); -onk- (little book, little paper, little money, little girls, little boys, barrels); -onok - / - chunok- (keg, dash, little hare, badger); -nonice (as a rule, these are colloquial words: a weaner, a baby); -ovk- (raincoat fabric, fighting, trifle); -ob- (slum, thicket); -from- (ratchet) and the last suffix of -domains- requires ending a : stabbing.
3. If it is a suffix of the adjective -ov-: penniless, walrus, brocade. This also includes nouns derived from these words, ending with she -ovka - / - ovnik-: mat, brocade, penny, pear, rechovka. also the suffix -ov- is often found in surnames. It is worth focusing on documents given at birth. So, Borshchov and Borshchev, Khrushchov and Khrushchev, Kumachov or Kumachev can be written.
4. If it is an adverb or an adjective with the suffix -hot-: small (small), freshly (freshly). These words are colloquial.
5. If he is fluent in nouns and dialects: zhor (eat); burn (burn); ram (er); guts (guts - genitive).
6. If the word is borrowed and vowels after hissing in its root: joker, shorts, anchovy, major, Joyce (proper names also obey this rule).

When should stress be written under stress?

We list the cases when in the root after the sizzling one should write e :

1. In the verb endings, 1 person –em (bake, shear, lie), 2 person –– (burn, lie, bake, burn, lie, bake) and 3 person –– (bake, lie, burn).
2. If the verb ends in -evaluate: chew, delimit; in the sacraments formed from similar words: delimited, chewed; verbal nouns: delimitation, shading.
   
3. If the word is a noun, formed from the verb: spend the night - spend the night, uproot - rooting out, stew - stew, migrate - migrate.
4. If the word suffix is ​​-er (as a rule, it means any activity): boyfriend, conductor, salesman, trainee, trainer.
5. If the word passive participle: baked, muffled, immersed, set on fire.
6. If you can pick up a word where e will be clearly heard in the root. Lattice - sieve; brush - bristles; wool - wool; chewed - to chew; hard - tin; the liver is the liver; perch - the pole; acorn - (no) acorns; bangs (brow - obsolete "forehead"); whisper - whisper; dandy - flaunt; cheeks - cheek. It should be noted that there are proper names that are not amenable to this rule.
7. In the interrogative-relative pronoun that used in the prepositional case (about what), also derived words (nothing, nothing, and moreover).

O and e in an unstressed position

As for the spelling of or in an unstressed position, it must be remembered that in a weak position you should write the letter that is heard in a strong position. This applies to both roots: tin - tin; wool - wool; yellow - yellow; and suffixes: key, mantle, scourge; and endings: husband, watchman, redhead.

You should remember foreign words in which in an unstressed position it is written about : majorda, highway, shock, lecho, Chopin, poncho, banjo and others. Their spelling should be checked with the spelling dictionary.

If the word has the prefix inter-, and the root begins with a vowel in a weak position, then you should write about : interbranch, interorbital. Also, this rule applies to compound words: leather.

O and e in combination with

After the letter c, those in a weak position o and e are checked by a strong position: cod - cedar, censorship - censor, guild - shop. Also: pepper, fighting, pollen.

Words of foreign origin may contain unstressed after t : mezzo, scherzo, duke.

Clatter is written through o (clatter).