Pronouns do not have categorical semantics or grammatical formalities that would generalize them. For this reason, they do not form a grammar class. However, according to tradition, a pronoun is also singled out separately as part of speech.
In linguistics, there is still no consensus on this. For example, such linguists as L. V. Shcherba and A. M. Peshkovsky do not consider the pronoun as part of speech .
School practice also has its own characteristics. It does not include pronominal adverbs, they are attributed to proper adverbs (there, here, how, there, there).
At the present stage, there are many descriptive grammars of the Russian language (even academic ones), in which, imitating V.V. Vinogradov, only the pronoun is considered as part of speech that correlates in use with a noun. These are the so-called pronouns. In fact, their categories of number, case and gender do not quite coincide. And the declension models with nouns, they are generally different. Sentences with pronouns of this type (except for the words himself, one) are not connected, as a rule, with non-separate definitions.
However, such an opinion about the status of the pronoun as part of speech seems to be little reasoned. There is an explanation for the difference between pronouns and nouns. Indeed, the morphological categories of the latter are inextricable with the lexical meaning of words, which means that they cannot be fully realized in another part of speech.
Absolutely all pronoun words are combined into one lexico-semantic class. Each of them simultaneously relates to the class of pronouns, and to that part of speech that corresponds to its grammatical structure. Accordingly, each of them has a pronoun value and the meaning of the categories of that part of speech to which it relates.
Pronouns have their own specifics:
1) They indicate signs and objects, but they are not called, that is, they have no material meaning.
2) The pronominal root, and not the grammatical structure, determines the pronominal meaning.
And another feature allows you to distinguish them from other parts of speech. Their semantics, by their very nature, is directed to the "I", that is, to the subject speaking. This was pointed out in one of his works by A. M. Peshkovsky. He noted that in the Russian language there are parts that express the attitude of the speaker and the thinker to what he speaks and thinks about. Pronouns are initially oriented to the speech situation. And those that relate to the first and second person, also called a direct participant in the conversation.
Based on the above signs, we can conclude that the pronouns make up a certain group of words, which almost does not replenish, is closed.
They unite and differ from other parts of speech and syntactic property. Pronouns play the role of substitute words, do not have a permanent syntactic place. This means that they occupy the positions of other independent parts of speech.
Pronouns in colloquial speech are almost always distinguished by intonation. In a letter, this is manifested by the arrangement of the corresponding punctuation marks. The most common spelling is dash after personal pronouns when they fulfill the role of the subject in the sentence, and nouns in the nominative case play the role of the predicate. This happens in such cases:
1) If necessary, highlight the pronoun logically: He is the culprit of that action!
2) In contrast: I cry, suffer, and you are cold!
3) In the reverse construction of words: After all, this hero is me.
4) When parts of a proposal are parallel in structure: We are winners and judges. Behind us is honor and triumph!