Defects associated with pronunciation of words have always been and remain a problem for many people. They often say: “Porridge in your mouth!” - this means that the person speaks so inaudibly that it is difficult to understand. To combat this scourge is necessary from early childhood. There are many different methods, and one of them is the use of tongue twisters for the development of speech.
We touch on the definition of the term
Before discussing the merits of tongue twisters, it is necessary to clearly indicate what kind of animal it is. This is a humorous (not always, but most often), as a rule, rhymed composition (usually short, in one or two lines, but there are longer versions), in which there are difficult to pronounce words with repeating sounds. It is required to pronounce them quickly and clearly, which is very difficult - this is the whole point of the tongue twister. As a rule, tongue twisters contain alliteration - the repetition of consonants (we grow up to a hundred years to old age - an example of alliteration).
There are a lot of tongue twisters, moreover, they are constantly being modified. Old tongue twisters improve, supplementing or reducing them, changing words in places. Therefore, the options for the same tongue twisters can be a great many.
What is the use of tongue twisters
The answer to this question is obvious, but nonetheless, it is also worth discussing. If you engage in speaking tongue twisters from childhood, there is a great chance to minimize possible problems with speech and pronunciation of certain letters. Tongue twisters (or, as they are called differently, tongue twisters) help to learn to speak correctly and clearly, without lisping, without burr, without swallowing endings. That is why they are called pure sayings, because they make it possible to master pure speech.
Who needs to have a clear speech?
Regardless of whether a person has “porridge in his mouth” or not, he should have the right, clear and understandable speech, if his profession suggests. For example, a teacher or an announcer - they talk all day, and it is very important that they be understood correctly at nine in the morning and at five in the evening.
The same category of people earning bread with butter in their own language includes all kinds of artists, managers, sales agents, directors, businessmen, and so on. All of them simply need to have a clear diction, which means that they cannot do without tongue twisters for the development of speech.
Sounds most commonly encountered
Oddly enough, this includes not only the sound "p", with which there really are a lot of difficulties for a huge number of people. Also very often there are difficulties with the pronunciation of the sounds "l" hissing (as well as "z" and "s"). Some people confuse "n" and "m", while others indistinctly pronounce paired consonants ("b" - "p", "c" - "f" and so on). Each of these sounds has its tongue twisters. So it’s not at all necessary to train diction for everyone - you can find exactly what you need.
As an example of tongue twisters for the development of speech and pronunciation training, you can cite a couple of the following examples:
- They gave Lily a lily (we hone “l”).
- Breathing noisily, six frogs sheburshat (we hone "w").
- Forty forty jumped on time (we are honing “c” and “p”) and so on.
When tongue twisters are useless
There are situations when, unfortunately, tongue twisters cannot help diction training. Thank God, there are few of them, but it is nevertheless important to understand: in cases where speech is disturbed due to trauma and / or disease of the vocal cords, as well as due to irreversible processes in the brain, tongue twisters will be powerless.
Basic principles of tongue twistering
It would be wrong to think that tackling tongue twisters is easy and simple. You can not "pick up and read", it also requires patience, as in any other business.
The first thing to do: slowly and even preferably in syllables to pronounce a tongue twister, carefully articulating. It is important to ensure that each sound is spoken clearly, cleanly and intelligibly. You should not rush here.
Having read the tongue twister thoroughly several times, you should learn it by heart - a person can do it even with chicken memory, the volume of tongue twisters is relatively small (especially if it is only one line). To memorize easier, you can use the so-called cheat sheets - hands: for example, bend your fingers for each word, or clench your fists, or tap the rhythm. This method is especially good for young children.
The second phase is to hone the articulation. To do this, you will need an assistant and a reserve of patience both on his part and on the part of the trainee himself. The assistant must be seated opposite himself, and then slowly, clearly, tell him the tongue twister, but without sound. This exercise must be performed until the assistant can easily read each letter on the lips and fold the tongue twister together.
When it was possible to recognize the phrase by the lips, you can proceed to the next stage, even more difficult: speaking in a whisper. The speech should be so clear that the whisper is easily understood and distinguishable. As a sample, you can take the speech of a theatrical prompter - that’s who is honing his whisper to filigree clarity!
The next item is to turn up the volume. Now all the same needs to be done loudly and with expression. As if in school years in a literature lesson, reciting a poem given to a house by heart.
And finally, the last stage is a change in intonation. The tongue-twister already worn out by this moment needs to be told in a different way: loudly and quietly, with a baby voice and senile rattling, a chant and recitative - there are a million intonations. The most important thing is that no matter how the tongue twister for the development of speech is pronounced, this should be done quickly. And, of course, without losing clarity.
Of course, you do not need to think that all this can be done in one day. Training diction requires quite a lot of time and patience - at least several weeks will pass before something starts to work out. This should be devoted at least thirty to forty minutes daily. The main thing is not to give up halfway. By the way, experts recommend that all these exercises be carried out in motion - you can walk, run, exercise, and so on, however, you will also have to follow proper breathing.
Another important factor: in order for everything to work out correctly, it is necessary not only to mechanically tune the memorized lesson, but to imagine in your imagination everything that is being said in the tongue twister. If we are talking about how “the mother of soap Milu”, you should draw this picture in your head as vividly as possible. Here mom washes Mila, here she dropped the soap, now Mila was delighted ... Only then can the correct intonations be found.
And finally, good advice: if you read books aloud, this will not only contribute to the development of correct, pure intonations and exercise diction, but will also develop a phonemic ear.
Russian tongue twisters for the development of speech
Among the billions of tongue twisters existing in the world, there are all sorts. Including folded Russian. It is permissible to attribute to this category, for example, the following:
- Arkhip Osip, Osip hoarse.
- Varenka was presented with felt boots for his birthday.
- I rode a Greek across the river, sees a Greek: cancer in the river. He slipped a Greek hand into the river, cancer by the hand of the Greek Tsap.
- Beans have a bean, beans have a bean.
- There was a bull blunt bull.
- The creepy fat ground beetle buzzes and spins - and so on.
Adult tongue twisters
It is necessary to understand that among the purest phrases there is a “hierarchy”. They are clearly divided into categories by age. Of course, there are many universal ones among them, but there are also ones that are suitable only for adults - for example, because their content is vulgar or they are elementary very difficult for children's perception. One way or another, below are a few examples of tongue twisters for adult speech development. One of them, perhaps the most famous, is a tongue twister about dances and others from this pleasant company. It is noteworthy in that, if desired, it can be continued indefinitely.
- Once a jackdaw scared pop, in the bushes he saw a parrot. And that parrot says: “You scare the jackdaws, pop, scare, but the jackdaws, pop, scare the bushes, don't scare the parrot.”
- Ruined caterpillar, powdered powder. Intimidated button, intricate confusion - and so on.
Another tongue twister, which is suitable only for adults, since it’s impossible for children to memorize it by heart (to say nothing, it is difficult for adults with even the most tenacious memory), is called “Liguria” and is considered to be the longest tongue twister. Often they use its abridged version, but even in it it takes several paragraphs. The full length of this pure-tongue-telling narrative of the Ligurian traffic controller, which brought together some shorter and long-known tongue twisters, is about a page.
Patter for development of speech for children
Pure phrases suitable for children in their complexity and content, however, are also “filtered”. Those that are suitable for babies of three years old may already be useless for seven-year-olds, and vice versa. When dealing with children, it is important to remember one simple rule: the child should not be bored. He should enjoy the lessons, he should be interesting and fun. And if the crumbs are boring, difficult and incomprehensible - there is not enough joy here, and therefore there will not be much benefit either.
Therefore, choosing children's tongue twisters for the development of speech, you should focus on the following criteria: the age of the baby (for the smallest, select the simplest and funniest, for those who are older - more difficult) and those sounds that need to be trained. You should not slip everything in a row for a child, “if only he would do it”. Tongue twisters for the development of speech and diction of children should be used wisely, the process should give the result, desired not only by the parents, but also by the baby.
When practicing with children under the age of six, you should choose children's tongue twisters for the development of speech, training one specific sound - “s”, “u”, “p” and so on. If the crumbs have problems with the pronunciation of several sounds, you should find more different exercises for each of them, but you should not take those in which two, three, and so on, problem sounds are repeated. Such speaking tasks are well suited for the development of speech of children of 7 years. Tongue twisters, by the way, recommend introducing a baby into the vocabulary as soon as possible - then he will quickly begin to understand various sound combinations and he will be able to repeat them without any problems. In this case, by the age of seven, the child will completely calmly master all the sounds of his native language.
The following are possible tongue twisters for the development of speech for children of preschool age.
- Prokop has no dill.
- Pike has clean cheeks.
- I bought a mug with a club for a cuckoo cat.
- Praised halva in the sty.
- Timurov yard overgrown with grass and so on.
For babies
Compared with tongue twisters for the development of speech for children of 7 years old, "toddler" pure tongue twisters are simpler. To use such is permissible in classes with children even two years old.
- Kolya stabs the bell.
- The polyp stuck to the linden.
- Mom bought a mask for Maruse.
- Dad sawed a stump with a saw.
- Uncle Dima shared a melon and so on.
Long and hard
Complicated tongue twisters for the development of speech, as a rule, are massive in volume, aimed at practicing several sound combinations at once and are difficult to reproduce. But that is the excitement! That is precisely why such tongue twisters attract and attract for the development of speech at 6 years old, at 12 and at 20 - with equal strength. One of the regularly found and used tongue twisters in this category can be considered a clean tongue about blackberry and blueberry (if you didn’t live near a blackberry, but if you lived near a blueberry, then blueberry jam is familiar to you, but completely unusual blackberry jam. If you lived near bramble, then you’ll get the usual blackberry jam ... and so on), as well as about apricot, coconut and others like them (no apricot, coconut, radish - and the like).
The possibility of self-compilation
These expressions were then invented by the people, so that everyone had the opportunity to compose them. This can easily be done in the process of one very interesting game in a fun company. At least four people are needed. The players agree on a sound - for example, the sound "p" - with which all the words in the future tongue twister will begin. And then questions are written on a piece of paper: who (you need to write a name, nickname, nickname, and so on), what you did, where, why (with a version of the game with more people than four, you can turn on imagination and come up with additional tasks).
Each of the players, in turn, writes his answer to a question, wraps a leaf so that no one sees what is written, and passes on. Thus, something like this may appear on the leaflet:
Roma / Wolverine / child, roared beluga / taxied a steering wheel / worked as a robot, in Rome / at a rodeo / at a ranch, (because) he got up early / was born in a shirt / the cancer on the mountain did not whistle.
Adding phrases from these answers, you can get the most ridiculous tongue twisters, but nevertheless they will train the pronunciation of the sound "p", and in addition, they will greatly amuse their creators and their friends.
Interesting facts about tongue twisters
- In Russia, they have been known since ancient times. Then they were used in oratory, and only later children began to engage in tongue twisters.
- Vladimir Dal was the first to begin to study pure language.
- Tongue twisters belong to a genre such as folklore. In other words, this is oral folklore.
- Another name for tongue twisters is linguists (currently not used).
- Vladimir Dahl called tongue twisters cleanbikes.
Tongue twisters for the development of speech are useful to everyone, regardless of age and the presence of speech problems. They improve diction, develop hearing, strengthen thinking. You can safely say: classes in tongue-tapping are not only useful, but also interesting!