A system is communications and relations that form a certain unity of elements among themselves. Based on its laws, management principles are formed . There are more than 200 definitions for this term, but each of them carries a unique meaning - this is management. It can be simplified in the form of a contour that contains two subsystems. One of them is the subject, the second -
object.
The management object in management is a subsystem that receives management commands from the subject and operates in accordance with them. Between managers and managed is a prerequisite is the interaction. It lies in a number of factors.
Communication
Any organization has its own communication system, which provides the exchange of information. The subject collects, perceives and analyzes information about the activity of the control object and its results. After that, decisions are made, they are converted into signals that determine the further functioning of the managed subsystem.
The transfer of information from object to subject is a feedback. She expresses herself in
reports, messages, etc. The process of transferring information from the controlling subsystem to the managed subsystem is called direct communication. It is expressed in orders, instructions, instructions, commands. Information on both
types of communication should be complete and accurate. Only then management does not lose its effectiveness.
Motives and incentives
Important factors in the interaction of subsystems are control levers. Under them are often considered motivation and stimulation. Do not confuse these two methods. The control object consciously chooses one or another type of activity and completely satisfies its basic needs with it - this is motivation. It is aimed at the process of changing the existing situation. If, as the needs of the control object are satisfied, the motivation does not weaken, then it can be considered effective.
Secures the existing situation of stimulation. It carries a moral, social and economic function. In this case, it can be positive and negative. The management object positions the incentive as an opportunity to receive additional benefits or as their loss.
The mechanisms of motivation and stimulation must be formed on a situational basis. There is a large arsenal of various means for this in world management practice.
The subject is a control object
The control object is often also the subject. Consider this transformation on the example of the organization. Director, chief engineer, shop managers - this is a management subsystem. Specialists, workers - managed. But at the same time, the object of management is both the director and the chief engineer, so in relation to them the subject is the legislative and judicial authorities.
For trading enterprises, the managing subsystem is the store manager, managed - departments, sections. Their leaders are subjects for sellers, consultants, cashiers.