Growing tomatoes in open ground in Siberia is fraught with some difficulties. A farmer can count on getting a good harvest only subject to high agricultural standards. To facilitate the task of gardeners, breeders tirelessly work on the development of new varieties that could grow in harsh climates. It is safe to say that the efforts of scientists have been crowned with success, since many cultures are already recognized and are in full swing grown within our country. This selection is endowed with its own characteristics, which would be good for every farmer to know about. They will be described below.
Seed selection
Entering the world of seeds, amateur gardeners may be tempted to buy planting material for the purpose of experimentation. However, a trial version in conditions of risky farming can only lead to disappointment and a sense of wasted time. You can, of course, try to plant a small amount of some elite seeds at all, but nothing more. Experienced gardeners are advised to purchase planting material of several types of crops at once to obtain a guaranteed crop. However, these should be zoned tomato species.
It is important to remember that there are striking differences between the weather conditions in Siberia and other regions of the country. The cold region is characterized by sharp changes in the weather in the spring season and in the fall, short, far from hot, hot rainy summers, cold winds and a rapidly passing winter season. Not every plant can withstand such changes in the climate. Therefore, tomatoes for open ground in Siberia have certain requirements that must be considered when choosing. Pay attention to the following criteria:
- for which region a particular variety is adapted;
- what category does it belong to regarding the ripening period;
- on the characteristics of the presentation of the fruit;
- compliance with personal taste preferences;
- the purpose of cultivating the culture;
- on where the variety can be grown (in a greenhouse or in open ground).
Features of tomatoes for open ground?
In Siberia, crops that meet certain breeding characteristics are successfully grown. These include:
- Optimum fruit ripening period. In hardened crops, this period should not exceed 100 days. The minimum period usually lasts up to 2.5 months. Here you need to have time for the fruits to ripen before August. If you are late with the planting of seedlings, then the plants will begin to hurt late blight or they will begin to rot the leaves.
- Powerful bushes with a minimum number of stems. In regions where heavy rainfall prevails, as well as cloudy weather, thickened landings should not be allowed. Insufficient ventilation will expose the culture to various diseases and decay of their individual parts.
- High stamina. This criterion is very important, since seedlings in a harsh region are planted in early summer and there is a chance that it will get frozen. The temperature here may drop in the summer. When such an unfavorable period is delayed, then in ordinary tomato varieties leaves begin to fall, and specially bred crops with increased adaptive abilities perfectly survive such changes.
- The identity. Tall types of tomatoes need timely tying bushes. This technique protects plants from the development of diseases. It is necessary to take care of the establishment of supports in advance. For this purpose, you can use a special trellis or pegs.
- Unpretentiousness to soil. You must always choose varieties that are undemanding to the soil composition. Soil in Siberia is not very fertile, especially when it comes to suburban areas.
- Universality of fruits. Due to weather conditions, the conservation of fruits is carried out by Siberians in the summer, in a fairly short time. Therefore, you need to choose tomatoes that are suitable for both processing and eating.
Compact types of tomatoes
Consider the most popular types of undersized tomatoes for open ground. For Siberia, breeders developed cultures with compact bushes and an early period of fruit ripening.
Alsou. One of the favorite varieties among gardeners. The fruits are famous for their meaty structure and overall dimensions, the mass of which can reach up to 0.5 kg. They have a sweet taste, in which sourness is absolutely not felt. The advantage of this variety is the beautiful presentation of the fruit and good transportability. From relatively low bushes, you can collect a decent crop - 8-10 kg / m 2.
White filling. This is one of the best varieties of tomatoes for Siberia. In open ground, it is grown not only in the northern regions, it also feels good in the southern regions. It is valued for its good elasticity and preservation of fruits that do not crack even during heat treatment. Their weight is small, up to 100-110 g, the shape is standard. Due to the fact that the fruits are medium-sized and compactly packed in jars, they are mainly used for winter harvesting. The variety is early ripening, low bushes (50 cm), average productivity. Many gardeners are among the most sought after crops.
Damask steel. This is another representative that housewives like to use for conservation. In addition to the elastic peel, the fruits still have a wonderful taste. The variety belongs to the group of ultra-early tomatoes. The plant has good resistance to weather extremes and diseases. Under the most favorable conditions for him, he can endow the owner with a rich harvest of up to 7-8 kg of fruits.
Sugar bison. Tomatoes are famous for their excellent sugary taste, the fruits are quite large (300-500 g), have fleshy flesh. Bushes are high, can reach up to one meter in height, although the culture is included in the group of low types of tomatoes. It is considered early and high-yielding.
In addition to the above varieties, low-growing tomatoes for Siberia for open ground include: Velvet season, Berdsky large, Gribovsky, Demidov, Velozmoza, Berdsky, Dubok, Zemlyak, Ladies' fingers.
The best early grades
Varieties of hybrids and ordinary tomatoes, bred by Siberian breeders, are gaining more and more popularity. Among them, the best tomatoes for open ground in Siberia were selected, which are already recognized by many farmers. First, consider the characteristics of some early species:
Snow Leopard. Unpretentious determinant (characterized by limited bush growth) species. The fruits are round, slightly flattened, have a red color and weight up to 250 g. They differ in a sweet fleshy structure and pronounced aroma characteristic of this culture. Suitable for both preservation and eating fresh. The variety is high-yielding, does not require pinching, shows high resistance against Fusarium. The ripening period is 2.5 months.
Shuttle. A plant with a small-branched shtambovy bush, which reaches a height of 40-50 cm. Such features free the gardener from the process of garter and herding, which greatly simplifies the care of him. Fruits ripen very early, delight with excellent taste. They have a red color, smooth skin and plum shape. Well tolerate transportation, stored for a long time. Small tomatoes weighing about 60 grams. The culture is characterized by an extended period of fruit ripening, which makes it possible to use them for a long time. It is better to plant it with the aim of eating fresh tomatoes.
Duckling. Early ripe high-yielding culture, bush undersized, determinant. Its dignity is in the friendly ripening of fruits, resistance to diseases and harsh climatic conditions. The fruits are round, with a slightly refined tip and weighing 50 g. The peel is smooth, glossy, has a yellow color or a light orange hue. Tomatoes are not cracked, they are recommended for baby and diet food.
Ultra early
Ultra-precocious. A universal variety with excellent taste and presentation of fruits, almost not susceptible to pests. Compared to other crops, it stands out for its high productivity. One inflorescence can produce 7-8 full-fledged fruits. The plant affects farmers with its high resistance to cold. Fruits from it can be harvested 90 days after transplanting seedlings into the garden.
Olya F1. Early ripening tomatoes for open ground. For Siberia, this variety is good in that the plant simultaneously forms several brushes, which allows you to get a large amount of yield. Each bush forms up to 15 clusters in which three fruits are planted. Moreover, they are poured and also ripen at the same time. The culture is suitable even for inexperienced farmers, as it is endowed with great resistance to most diseases, fungi, rot. Unpretentious care and a high degree of hardening make these tomatoes suitable for cultivation in excessively harsh climatic zones. The fruits have a sweet-sour taste and weight up to 100 g. The ripening period is three months under more favorable conditions.
The best mid-season tomatoes
Pink Elephant. A semi-determinant high-yielding variety with a wonderful fruit flavor. Tomato ripening occurs a little later than in early crops (115 days after transplanting). The plant is distinguished by very powerful shoots and overall fruits. Bushes that grow to a meter and a half need a garter. The weight of one fruit is 250-300 g.
Parsley gardener. A relatively new variety of culture from the Altai selection group, which is also suitable for Siberia. A low-growing variety of tomatoes in the open field, from the moment of transplanting, gives ripe fruit after 110 days. It differs in fairly strong shoots, bushes reach up to 55 cm in height. Tomatoes are oval, pink, weighing up to 200 g. They have a very rich taste and sugar flesh, ripen at the same time.
Classification of varieties depending on the size of the fetus
The fruits of tomatoes in open ground in Siberia can grow to very impressive sizes. In this regard, each gardener needs to figure out in advance what purpose crops will be planted for. For example, large fruits are tastier and suitable for making fresh salads, small ones for preservation. To make it easier for housewives to navigate this, we provide a list with the separation of varieties.
Tomatoes with large fruits: Alsou, Dimensionless, Berdsky large, Grandma’s secret, Giant raspberry, Budenovka.
Crops with small fruits: Oak, Aelita, Picket, Zyryanka, Shuttle, Sanka, Lucky, Siberian sweets.
The assortment of Siberian breeding is quite wide, you can purchase seeds according to the purpose of growing the crop. However, it is best to choose early varieties of tomatoes for Siberia. In the open ground, such plants must also be provided with proper care, which will be described below.
Recommendations
Even when choosing a variety, one should pay attention to the plant's immunity to various diseases. After buying seeds, you need to think about where the seedlings will be grown. No matter how paradoxical this may sound, the seeds of tomatoes for Siberia for open ground cannot be planted immediately in the soil under the open sky. For them, only the seedling method is used. Obviously, you can grow a good crop only if the farmer carefully understands all these nuances. Otherwise, the tomatoes will either not have time to ripen properly, or they will be sick for a long time, which will negatively affect the number of fruits.
Agricultural Engineering Rules
The cultivation of tomatoes in open ground in Siberia should be carried out only with the use of agricultural techniques. Although for gardeners, they are not so complicated and even to some extent fascinating. So, what you need to get a large number of fruits:
Preliminary soil preparation. This includes disinfection, cultivation, enrichment with nutrients. Before planting seedlings, the soil must be treated with special means to protect crops from late blight and rot.
Preparation of seed material. You need to purchase potassium permanganate, nitroammophoska or ash. Seeds are kept in warm water during the day. Then they are placed for 3 hours in a solution of potassium permanganate, and then immersed in diluted nitroammophoska or ash (for 12 hours).
Then planting material is sown and sprinkled with soil at 1 cm. The minimum layer of substrate should be at least 3 cm. Pick-up is made after the appearance of the third sheet. For this technique, the most healthy plants are chosen.
Seedlings need to provide regular watering and good lighting. A week before planting in the soil, the plants undergo a hardening procedure, taking them out every day for several hours to the street.
When planting seedlings, mineral fertilizers are introduced into the wells and crops are abundantly watered. The first hydration is carried out on day 4. Every seven days they carry out loosening of the earth, timely moistening and top dressing. Chicken droppings are used as fertilizers. The intervals between feeding should be no more than 10 days.
Crops are required to carry out preventive treatment for various diseases. For this purpose, it is better to use special preparations, preferably with a natural composition.
Reviews
Farmers living in a region with a harsh climate, appreciated this selection. Some of them tried to grow non-hardened crops, but did not receive the expected yield. There were either too few fruits, or they did not form at all. Obviously, such gardener plants were not pleased with their abundance and taste of fruits, since they are not intended for Siberia. Reviews about tomatoes for open ground, which are adapted to the conditions of a harsh region, are wonderful. From this we can conclude that you should not take risks, but you always need to purchase seeds of only special varieties.