The effectiveness of an enterprise depends directly on how well its departments are structured and responsibilities are divided among employees. To this end, the division of labor is used in the management of the company, namely, coordination of powers from the worker to the boss and distribution according to functionality. In order for this scheme to be as productive as possible, you need to know the principles and characteristics of the differentiation of production. With the correct distribution of work, employees will carry out their job descriptions in a quality manner, which as a whole will ensure the implementation of the organization’s strategic plan.
Division of labor - the key to success of the enterprise
The task of company management is to strengthen production indicators and personnel dedication at times, ensure a high level of employees' activity and fulfill the tasks in a timely manner. This is facilitated by the differentiation of the work of company employees, which in management is called the "horizontal and vertical division of labor." The first concept is associated with the manufacturing process, the second with management. Such a system allows delegating to each executor the type and volume of duties that corresponds to his specialization and qualifications, professional and personal qualities, which makes his contribution to the common cause irreplaceable.
Detailing the work process
To increase the level of efficiency, management applies the horizontal division of labor - this is the distribution of the production process into individual types of work, specific operations and procedures that are performed by the relevant specialists. It depends on the technological complexity of the activity, its scale and provision of labor resources. Qualitative and quantitative differentiation of labor, its typification allow you to quickly and properly perform tasks.
Types of horizontal separation
Detailing the production process is divided into three types:
- Functional (depending on the training and professionalism of employees).
- Commodity-sectoral (division into types of activity according to the specifics of labor).
- According to qualification criteria (criteria based on the complexity of the work performed) are taken.
The horizontal division of labor is the effective fulfillment of duties by each employee and the full dedication of the job.
Organization Management
Company management (management) is a type of activity aimed at achieving optimal functioning results by an enterprise with the correct use of company resources (material and labor), based on the application of various management principles and mechanisms. The whole process is carried out in the face of changes in the modern market.
In the organization’s management system, the vertical division of labor is used - this is the separation of managerial functions from executive ones and their differentiation. In order for the whole system to work smoothly, it is necessary that each department has a manager who supervises its activities. The more complex the process, the more curators it provides. For this, managers are divided into different levels depending on the functions they perform (which is already a horizontal division of labor in the organization). The tasks performed by managers cover the following areas:
- Management of the company as a whole (determination of business prospects).
- The study and application of new technologies.
- Economic (preparation of a strategic plan, development of marketing support, employee incentives).
- Operational (writing a plan of specific actions to solve the tasks, distribution of responsibilities, delegation of authority, instructing employees).
- Monitoring the work of staff followed by coordination.
Moreover, the horizontal division of labor in management includes two factors: intellectual (the study of the state of the problem and the subsequent decision-making by management) and volitional (its direct implementation).
Control levels
Management activity is carried out by a manager - a specialist with appropriate professional training. He organizes and oversees the process of production and marketing of products, performs administrative functions and monitors the management of the economic part.
Depending on the level of training and the powers of employees, managers of three levels are distinguished in the managerial level:
- Higher - top manager (these are directors, board members of the company; they develop a strategy for the development of the organization and represent the interests of the owners of the enterprise, they know that the correct horizontal division of labor is the key to productivity, so they decide how production will be structured).
- Middle - middle manager (heads of departments, departments, workshops).
- The lowest level is the entry manager (responsible for the work of groups, teams, sub-departments).
The horizontal division of managerial work ensures the implementation of the planned amount of work and allows you to coordinate the functions of all departments.
Management objectives
To succeed, each company develops a strategy for its activities. At the same time, it defines clear goals - these are the final results that the company wants to see after a certain period of time. They set standards for assessing the effectiveness of the enterprise and are benchmarks in work. As a rule, goals are aimed either at achieving any indicators, or at preserving existing factors (and their improvement). They are placed on different time periods. There is a pattern: the longer the period for obtaining the planned result, the result of the activity is no longer defined, and vice versa: the smaller it is, the more obvious the result. The horizontal division of labor is a way that allows you to implement the plan in time.
The company's management primarily sets the following goals:
- Revenue generation, including increasing the profitability of the enterprise (is a priority).
- Improving management performance.
- Customer Satisfaction.
- The decision of public issues.
Concretization of the desired results
Goals are those indicators that the company strives for. In addition, enterprise management always solves a number of problems. In fact, these are the same goals, only more specific. They are designed for a certain period of time and have quantitative characteristics. Tasks - this is a list of the types of work that must be done by the specified date within the agreed stage. They can be divided into three categories: functions related to objects, people, and information.
Any production involves the following tasks:
- Ensuring the profitability of the enterprise as a result of its functioning.
- Organization of the production process in the most optimal way, efficient use of human and material resources.
- Achieving a stable position of the company in the market of goods and services, taking into account changes in the level of consumer demand.
Each of them provides quantitative indicators so that it is possible to monitor the effectiveness of the enterprise, monitor the achievement of goals and set new ones.
The horizontal and vertical division of labor in the organization is one of the fundamental principles of management. A properly structured production and management system leads to the release of the potential of each employee, ensures the most efficient use of the labor and material resources of the company and, as a result, the fulfillment of tasks and the achievement of goals set by management.