In management, there are two such concepts as the object of management, the subject of management. Each organization is represented by a combination of two subsystems. One of them is leading, and the other is controlled. But in both cases, they are relationships between people.
Object and subject
Management is a system of interaction of interconnected elements. It is represented by a set of qualitative characteristics, one of which is the unpredictability of all processes occurring in the system. Thus, management and management are developing. At the same time, everything that happens should be able to be analyzed, which allows you to organize and explain events.
The subject of management is a body or person who carries out management activities. It is aimed at subordinate structures or individuals. They represent an object of management. Moreover, the same part of the organization in relation to different structures and bodies can perform opposite functions. That is, to represent a control object, a control subject at the same time.
Black box position
In the theory of management review, significant importance is given to such a concept as a “black box”. It is considered the direction of "Theory of organization." For certain boundaries and frameworks, a combination of factors, resources, influences, and other influencing characteristics is characteristic. As a result, a result appears, the important elements of which are the control object, the control subject. It is represented by quantitative characteristics that are subject to measurement and comparison.
That is, the black box is the knowledge, experience, practical skills that are required to obtain a result. The system should be aimed at achieving a specific goal. Available resources, as well as external impact, should lead to a result. Management is based on this.
Certain processes occur in the black box that are of interest and are to be studied. This allows you to manage ongoing activities. And thanks to a complete understanding of the object and the subject, you can build a fairly interconnected structure. That is, there is a system that combines such concepts as a control object, a control subject. Within its framework, interaction takes place.
An example of a city supermarket
Such a system is very clearly visible on the example of an ordinary supermarket. In it, the director and administration form the administrative apparatus. Its effect is directed to the departments of the store. They are a managed system.
Each department is headed by its head. He manages sellers working in a designated section. At the same time, the director of the department store is a subordinate to higher authorities. But the Ministry of Commerce acts as a management entity. This example clearly shows that the concepts of “management” and “management” are based on the complementary object and subject of management. That is, the leader and the follower are relative concepts.
Also, the subjects of government are represented by the judicial and legislative authorities. The state acts on subordinate structures using judicial decisions and laws.
Classification of objects affected by the state
The impact of the subject of management on the object of management is often manifested as an impact at the state level. In relation to subordinate structures there are several types of classification:
- According to the level of tasks to be solved. They may concern questions about the economy of the republic, a particular area of activity, as well as a region or organization.
- Depending on the types of regulated activities. This involves investment, income, markets, personal consumption and a large number of other factors.
- Depending on the addressee exposure. They can be represented by private national companies, educational institutions, foundations, and research centers.
Thus, a control system is formed. The object and subject are complementary categories. They are able to transform into opposing to various structures.