In the course of historical development, changes undergo not only lexical, orthoepic, but also morphological norms of the Russian language. Many of them even now have several options, which makes it difficult to use the word forms in practice. Moreover, each part of speech has its own morphological norms. Within the framework of this article, only some difficult cases are considered, without taking into account those that have long been established and entrenched mainly in book speech.
The morphological norms that apply to nouns are as follows.
1. The kind of words that were formed by composing the first letters is determined by the main word. For example, if in the abbreviation of the CIS the main word is “commonwealth” of the middle kind, then all of it will be used in the middle kind: CIS has arisen.
2. Non-reflexive nouns, which designate a traditionally masculine position, profession, are used in masculine gender. The gender of geographical names that are not inclined is determined by the generic word. For example, Ontario is of the middle kind, since the generic word is “lake”.
3. Nouns denoting a homogeneous mass of something, a substance, are used in only one number: either in the singular (milk, cement, clay, iron), or in the plural (sawdust, canned food). However, if they are included in the text with a special meaning, then the shape of the number can take the opposite.
4. Nouns in the 2nd declension of the instrumental case of the singular can have endings: oh, her, or oh, her. The latter form is characteristic of poetic works.
Adjectives have the following morphological norms of the modern Russian language.
1. The short form is more appropriate for book speech on –en, than on –en (immoral and immoral), although both of them are literary.
2. High-quality adjectives have two forms of comparative degree: on –e and on –e, the latter is characteristic of colloquial speech. For example, more active and active.
3. Only for colloquial speech possessive adjectives are characteristic for –in and –ov: fathers, mother's. In other styles, it is customary to use the form of the genitive case: the mother’s handkerchief, the father’s request. Exceptions are nouns that are part of a sustainable turnover. For example, the Solomon solution, the Archimedean lever.
The morphological norms for numerals are as follows.
1. The basis for o ends with the numeral "both" (middle and masculine) - "both", and on the e - the numeral "both" (feminine).
2. For those quantitative numerals that are formed from many words, each word is inclined. Combining with the word one, the word "thousand" has the form "thousand" in the instrumental case, and not the erroneous "thousand". In oral speech , only the beginning and end of composite numerals can be inclined.
Morphological norms for pronouns.
1. It is impossible to use as interchangeable words "everyone", "everyone" and "any". They are only close in value, and not equivalent.
2. Personal pronouns 3 persons acquire the letter "n" at the beginning, if they have a preposition. For example, in them, on it.
3. The pronouns “such” and “such” have shades of meanings. The latter is used in the role of amplification. But the pronoun “such” appears to be a predicate in a sentence and is more often used in steady turns: it was like that.
4. The pronouns “Your” and “You” are capitalized if they are used as a polite appeal to one person.
An adverb can be formed into a complex form of superlative degree with the help of the suffix –e: we ask you to humblely. However, this option is practically not used in modern speech. Verbs –– have two forms: with the suffix –– and without it. Both are used, but the latter in our time is preferable: I’m used and used.