Union words are pronoun words that serve, along with unions, a way of expressing a subordinate connection in a complex sentence and, unlike unions, are a member of the subordinate clause. As conjunctive words there can be interrogative-relative pronouns that have inflectional forms (pronouns-nouns, pronouns-numerals, pronouns-adjectives) and unchanged pronouns (pronouns-adverbs).
Allied words: what is this? Morphological characteristics
Grammar in the Russian language uniquely defines those words that can be used as allied words. Consider the first definition, which captures a closed list of allied words and delimits their syntactic and morphological features. So, as allied words can be used exclusively interrogative pronouns. These include:
- pronouns (where, where, when, how much, where, how, why, why, why);
- pronoun adjectives (which, what, what, what, whose, whose, koi);
- pronouns-nouns (what, who);
- pronoun (how many).
In addition, union words are pronoun words that simultaneously possess the properties of a significant (independent) and auxiliary part of speech.
According to the ability to change words, allied words are divided into two types: mutable and immutable. The former include the words what, how much, whose, whose, which, which, what, what, who, and the second, without exception, all pronouns. That is why - a union word that does not change. But what is a short adjective, variable in number and gender? What, who, how much - pronouns that tend only in cases. The remaining mutable union words can be inflected by cases, numbers, clans.
Syntactic functions of a union word
Union words in Russian can fulfill the following roles in a sentence:
- Subject. Thermometers alone show thirty-three degrees, but there are those that show thirty-six. He stood behind the door, listening to everything that was going on there.
- Predicate. According to these signs, we determined what our lighthouse is. He wondered who this old man was.
- Addition. He sat on the windowsill and listened to what the soldier was saying. The land referred to in the letter is the Northern Earth.
- Definition Wrote on the first page what books to read.
- Circumstances of the place. She glanced at the window, behind which the weather changed almost every minute. He immediately began to think about where to change it.
- Circumstances of the place. He hid in a corner, listened carefully, waiting for him to be released home.
- The circumstances of the course of action. The girl explained how to find the way.
- Circumstances of measure and degree. Now it is clearly visible how truthful testimony was given to him by his embarrassed feelings.
- Circumstances of the cause. he was afraid that her grandmother would understand why all her relatives gathered around her.
- The circumstances of the goal. He understood why old books were collected here.
The difference between unions and allied words
In addition to allied words, in a complex sentence, the main and subordinate parts can be connected by unions. The union is the part of speech that is not a member of the proposal. Union words differ from unions in that:
- these words are members of the sentence (they did not take their eyes off the path, which leads to the forest);
- allied words are members of the subordinate clause, therefore they cannot be thrown out without changing the meaning (one cannot say: "They did not take their eyes off the path, leading to the forest");
- logical emphasis may fall on allied words (we know what she will do tomorrow);
- after allied words, you can use the particles exactly the same (we know what she will do tomorrow; we know what she will do tomorrow);
- union words can be replaced by demonstrative pronouns and pronouns (we know what she will do tomorrow; we know that she will do it tomorrow).
The main thing is to remember that individually these methods will not always help to recognize the union and the union word. Since all signs rely only on the external expression of important internal differences, not a single attribute can be attributed to universal. Only with the combined use of the above criteria or in different combinations, it is possible to determine that the subordinate clause - union or union word - joins the main part.
Subjunctive unions and allied words
These connecting words combine the subordinate clause and the main sentence, while the union, acting as an official part of speech, does not act as a member of the subordinate clause, but the union word, speaking a significant part of speech, is.
In turn, the union word can act as the main and secondary member of the proposal. Moreover, one cannot identify the meaning of the subordinate clause and the role of the union word in it. This error is quite common. Therefore, it is necessary to pose the right question from the main sentence to the subordinate clause. And when the role of the union word is determined, the question must be posed directly in the sentence from the words or phrases to which the subordinate union words belong. Examples:
This is the house we used to live in.
This is the house that was built this year.
This is a house that was built in the twentieth century.
In some cases, allied words and alliances may intersect. These words include four words, which can be unions or allied words. Namely: what, when, how, what.
But it is worth knowing what a union word is, as well as whose union words, how many, which, why, who, where, why, where, where, under no circumstances can be unions.
Union word what
The word what is an allied word if it acts as a member of a sentence:
- accessory definitive (the book that they gave me yesterday turned out to be incredibly interesting);
- the subjunctive pronoun-definitive (I love too much in the world everything that puts the soul in flesh);
- relative explanatory (we do not know what will happen to us);
- subordinate concessive (what do not tell her, she has an answer to everything);
- accessory connecting (the player works great, which can not but rejoice me).
In such sentences, the word what is a relative pronoun.
Union word when
When can be attributed to allied words, if it is used as a coherent word in a sentence:
- definitive clause (do you remember the time when we met in the garden?);
- explanatory clause (Anna accepted my news calmly and only asked what would happen next);
- additional time (she woke up when it was completely light).
Union word as
The word can be attributed to the union words, if it is in the sentence:
- subjunctive (many expressed their views on how best to complete this task);
- subordinate way of action (I can’t talk about the artist’s life path in the way that she herself will do it);
- subordinate degree (it became as warm as it happens only in summer);
- relative relative (no matter how entertaining this computer game, visiting the theater is much more interesting).
Union word than
What will be the union word, if it is a member of such proposals:
- adverbial pronoun-definitive (Ivan, than she is dissatisfied, everything suits me on the contrary);
- relative explanatory (how do you think this film will end?);
- subordinate adjective (she was a good, honest, pure person who loved him, which he admired).