The orientation of the personality is a term denoting the system of motives of a person that characterizes him stably. This includes what he wants, what he aspires to, how the world and society understand, for what he lives, what he considers unacceptable and much more. The theme of personality orientation is entertaining and multifaceted, therefore, its most interesting and important aspects will now be considered.
Briefly about the concept
So, in essence, the orientation of the personality is its “core”. The aspirations and values that are so close to him that they have already become a pillar in life and its integral part.
This is a complex property. But, if you study it deeply, you can understand the motives of the behavior and goals of one or another person, and even predict how he will act in certain situations. At the same time, after observing him in life, seeing him in specific circumstances, it will be possible to approximately understand his personal orientation.
This system of motives is always socially determined. At first, the orientation is formed in the process of education. Then, at a more conscious age, a person begins to engage in self-education. Be that as it may, the orientation of the personality is always evaluated in terms of morality.
Attraction and desire
The personality orientation consists of many structural components. And first of all, I would like to note the attention of the two concepts indicated in the subtitle.
Attraction is a primitive, biological form of orientation. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it, as a need, is not recognized. But desire is something else. This term means the conscious need for something completely specific. Desire helps to clarify the goal and encourages action. Subsequently, the ways of achieving the result are determined.
Desires are good. It is on their basis that a person determines his goals and makes plans. And if the desires are strong, then they develop into a desire, reinforced by volitional effort. This is what demonstrates a person’s ability to overcome obstacles, hardships and difficulties on the way to the goal.
It is important to make a reservation that aspiration is connected with subjective feelings. If a person confidently goes to the goal, and sees the result - he experiences satisfaction and positive emotions. In the absence of success, he is overcome by negativity and pessimism.
Interest
This is not even a structural component of personality orientation, but a whole cognitive form and a separate motivational state.
So, interest is an emotional orientation of a person to certain objects. They have a special sustainable value, as they are associated with its individual needs.
Interests can be spiritual and material, versatile and limited, stable and short-term. How deep and wide they are, determines the usefulness of a person’s life. After all, it is with interests that his drives, passions and desires are connected.
You can even say that they determine the person’s life style. This is easy to prove. Is a person interested in business, career, making big money, various business sectors and the secrets of successful entrepreneurship? So, for him, the main thing in life is success and material well-being. And he will do everything to achieve this goal, acting in accordance with his interests.
Another point. The breadth, significance and global interests can determine the orientation of the individual. This is studied separately in psychology.
A person who covers different aspects of life, develops himself in several directions, is interested in many industries, has an expanded view of this world. He knows a lot, can consider opportunities and problems at once from several angles, he is characterized by high erudition, developed intelligence. Such people are capable of more than others. They even have a stronger desire.
But people with small interests, as a rule, are ordinary, boring and unsuccessful. Why? Because they are not interested in anything other than meeting their natural needs. Food, drink, sleep, Friday night at the bar, home, work, sex, and all over again. There is no intellectual burden in their interests. They do not develop.
Addiction
This concept has many synonyms. Some identify it with predisposition. Others say addiction is interest with a volitional component. And it is also believed that this term means the manifestation of a motivational-need sphere. And this in the psychology of personality orientation is considered the most accurate definition.
Addiction is manifested in a person's preference for any value or type of activity. It is always based on emotions, subjective feelings and sympathies.
A person may like traveling. He notices that most of all in life he is waiting for the next trip somewhere. He understands that the most vivid emotions and impressions bring new places to him. And the opportunity to get acquainted with another culture or traditions is the greatest joy you can imagine. And he understands that life on the road is comfortable for him. It is such an existence that brings him pleasure and satisfaction.
What does it mean? That he is prone to such a life. A vivid example of a motivational-need sphere! And it's hard to argue with that. Indeed, the most important need of each of us is to experience the pleasure of life. And here everyone determines for himself what style of existence he is inclined to, focusing on his values.
A simpler example is the choice of a profession. It is also influenced by the formation of personality orientation and propensity. And this is also one of the needs - to feel satisfaction from engaging in the work of life, to be aware of the benefits brought by one's activities, one's own professional significance.
It is good when a person understands what he is inclined to, and decides to devote himself to it. Better yet, if interest in an activity first arises. It forms the desire to engage in it, and in the future, the person improves the skills and abilities associated with it. By the way, often addiction is accompanied by the development of abilities. Many musicians and artists who have shown interest in their profession as a child are examples of this.
Worldview, conviction and ideal
Considering the definition of the orientation of the personality, one cannot help but pay attention to these three important concepts.
A worldview is a conscious system of views and ideas about the world, as well as a person’s attitude to himself and his surroundings. She gives his activities a focused, meaningful character. And it is the worldview that determines the principles, values, positions, ideals and beliefs of a person.
Everyone who has such a stable belief system is a mature person. Such a person has what he is guided in everyday life. In fact, the worldview is manifested literally in everything - from everyday life, ending with interpersonal relationships.
What is persuasion? This is a concept that is directly related to the worldview. This term refers to the highest form of personality orientation, which prompts it to act in accordance with prevailing ideals and principles. It is worth mentioning that a person who is confident in his views, knowledge and assessments of reality also seeks to convey them to other people. But! The key word here is “to convey” - it does not impose anything, since it is in harmony with itself and this world.
And finally, the ideal. This is a certain image that a person tries to follow in his behavior and activities. It is thanks to him that each of us has the opportunity to reflect and change the world in accordance with ideals. They can be real (people from life, idols), invented (characters from books, films) and collective. In simple terms, the ideal is the highest example of a moral personality. The main thing is that it is not illusory. Otherwise, a person, following him, will not come to what he wanted.
Motives
Everyone is surely familiar with this ambiguous concept. The motives of the personality orientation are what govern a person’s behavior. Often, this term means factors that determine the choice made by him.
In the structure of personality orientation motives occupy a significant place. After all, how successfully a person will solve his task depends largely on his motivation for a good result.
There is also a small classification. Motives can be external and internal. The former are very weak. Situation: a person at work needs to complete a project in a week. And he is engaged in it in order to be on time, otherwise there is a risk of losing the bonus and being called into a serious conversation with the boss. This is external motivation. A man does business only because it is necessary.
At the same time, his colleague, having the same task, almost spends the night at work, putting all his energy, time and soul into the project. He is interested in the case; he acts in the name of a qualitative result. This is intrinsic motivation. Its basis is aspiration and personal interest. It is intrinsic motivation that motivates a person to self-development, discoveries and new achievements.
Still, talking about the development of the personality orientation, it is necessary to note with attention such a concept as awareness. The fact is that people do not always understand why they are engaged in one or another business. This is sad, because in such cases monotonous work is simply performed, devoid of meaning and meaning.
But if there is a clear understanding of why a person carries out certain tasks - the effectiveness increases significantly. To the same question, sounding like “Why am I going to work?” You can answer in different ways. Someone will say: “Because everyone works. Everyone needs money. ” And the other will answer: “I want to improve my business, build a career, achieve new heights, receive more solid rewards and feel gratitude for dedication.” And it’s not even necessary to specify in which answer obvious awareness is traced.
Personal focus
Now you can talk about her. This is one of the main types of personality orientation. A person who is close to this particular option seeks to satisfy their own needs, fulfill themselves and achieve individual goals. In simple terms, it is aimed at itself.
Such people are distinguished by organization, responsibility and determination. They rely only on themselves. Their life consists of constructive thoughts, thinking through various plans and achieving goals. But at the same time, they are active, and they diversify their existence all the time, because pleasure means as much to them as success and productive work.
These are the main features of the personality orientation. It is also worth mentioning that such people are often considered selfish and self-confident. But in reality they are simply focused on personal happiness. Although often they encounter a problem consisting in the inability to delegate authority and ask others for help. Knowing that it is up to them to decide everything on their own, many such people strive for loneliness.
Collectivist orientation
For people who are close to her, the main need is to communicate with others. They are usually distinguished by integrity and courtesy. They are not conflicting, they are always ready to help, listen, sympathize. They are also very interactive - they focus on others, listen to different opinions, and wait for approval.
This is a social orientation. The personalities to which it is characteristic become excellent trouble-free partners who easily get along with other people, both in the family and in the team.
But they often run into problems. It is difficult for them to express their opinions, to resist manipulations and even fight for their happiness. And they do not know how to plan anything, are afraid to take responsibility, and have absolutely no idea how to define personal goals.
Business focus
Those people who are closest to her are business oriented. For them, the most important thing is to combine their own benefit with the good for society.
They are distinguished by seriousness and reliability, exactingness to themselves and independence, freedom of love and goodwill. They like to constantly learn something new, study, try themselves in different fields of activity.
These people make great leaders. Their behavior reflects the predominance of motives that are associated with the achievement of a set goal by the team. These people are happy to take matters into their own hands, and the result is usually impressive. They always easily justify their point of view, and literally lay everything on the shelves, so that each member of the team understands why these particular actions will lead to the speedy completion of the task.
Such people successfully collaborate with others and achieve maximum productivity. They do not just manage to lead - they do it with pleasure.
How to find out your type?
There is a test for this. The orientation of the personality can be found in 5-7 minutes, passing the questionnaire will not take more time. In total, it includes 30 points with three possible answers. These are not questions, but suggestions to be continued. Two of the three options should be noted: one is “most of all” and the other is “least of all”. Here are some examples:
- Question: "In life it gives me satisfaction ...". How can I answer: most of all - the realization that the work has been completed successfully. Least of all is the assessment of my work. The third option, which remained unmarked, is: "The knowledge that you are among friends."
- Question: "I am glad when my friends ...". How can I answer: most of all - when they are faithful and reliable. The least is that they help outsiders when possible. The third option, which remained unmarked, is: "They are intelligent, have broad interests."
- Question: "If I could become one of the proposed options, I would like to be ...". How can I answer: most of all - an experienced pilot. Least of all - the head of the department. The third option, which remained unmarked, is: a scientist.
The personality orientation test also includes the following questions: “When I was a child, I loved ...”, “I don’t like it when I ...”, “I don’t like bands in which ...”, etc.
According to the test results, the person will know the result. It is recommended to answer without thinking, since the first answer that comes to mind usually reflects true thoughts.
Emotional orientation of personality
As part of the topic under discussion, I would like to briefly talk about it. An emotional orientation is a characteristic of a person, manifested in its value attitude to certain experiences and the desire for them. A clear classification was proposed by the scientist Boris Ignatievich Dodonov. He distinguished ten emotions:
- Altruistic. They are based on the human need to help and help others.
- Communicative. They arise from the need for communication and, as a rule, are a reaction to satisfaction in emotional closeness or to its absence. Does a person have a cordial friend? He is happy and enjoys it. No friend? He is dissatisfied and sad.
- Glorical. The basis of these emotions is the need for success, fame and self-affirmation. Their person experiences when he is in the center of attention, or if he is admired.
- Practical These emotions arise when a person engages in some activity. He worries about the success of the case, encounters difficulties on the way to the result, is afraid of failure, etc.
- Scary. The basis of these emotions is the need to overcome a danger or problem. It can be compared with excitement.
- Romantic. These emotions mean the pursuit of everything mysterious, extraordinary, mysterious and extraordinary.
- Gnostic. Emotions, the basis of which is the need for everything that is out of the ordinary, to find something familiar, familiar and understandable.
- Aesthetic. Emotions that arise when a person enjoys something higher - art, nature, beauty.
- Hedonic. Emotions experienced by a person in connection with the satisfaction of their needs for comfort and pleasure.
- Acitious. The basis of these emotions is the interest shown by a person in collecting and accumulating.
In accordance with this classification, the emotional and psychological orientation of the personality is determined. It can be altruistic, communicative, glorical, etc.
, , . , . , - . . , . , .