Contract, calls, expertly, bartender, cottage cheese - how to put emphasis? Errors in this part of linguistic science are especially common. This is not surprising - there are no uniform rules for placing stress in the Russian language, so you need to learn and remember.
Correct stress in the word "cottage cheese"
Correct linguists call the sound emphasis on the last syllable: This rule is enshrined in dictionaries. But almost every second Russian-speaking person is mistaken in the pronunciation of this word, so linguists do not exclude the possibility that the situation will change: thyrog — the stress in the word on the first syllable will probably go back to normal.
What speech will tell about us
Why do we care to speak correctly? Of course, because literate speech is the hallmark of a cultured and educated person. Our language is so expressive that our status, the opinion of other people and the overall flavor of our lives depend on whether we put emphasis in words or not correctly. Imagine that you heard such a monologue: “In the last quarter I was premiered, and we got funds. We put on scarves, went, bought cakes, put them on the kitchen table. I took the pieces and put them in my mouth. I ate Don Yelzha. ” Even without seeing the person who is saying this, you can easily draw his social portrait, right?
Dictionary to help
Since there are no uniform rules for accenting in Russian, an orthoepic dictionary becomes our assistant. Orthoepy is a science about the rate of pronunciation, the word came to us from the Greek language and is literally translated as “correct speech”. The "Orthoepic Dictionary" contains the literary norm of the pronunciation of words, and, consequently, the stresses in it.
How many dictionaries, so many opinions?
The acoustic component of this token is interpreted in its own way by different dictionaries. In the word "cottage cheese" the stress on the last syllable is declared the norm, but the additional - on the first syllable - is recorded in the "Orthoepic Dictionary" edited by R. I. Avanesov, reprinted for the last time in 1972. In the dictionary “Russian verbal stress” edited by MV Zarva, published in 2001, only one literary norm is fixed - Tvorog: stress on the last syllable. In the "Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by I. L. Reznichenko in 2003, both pronunciation methods are recorded - with emphasis on the first and second syllables. In the "Dictionary of the difficulties of the Russian language" by D. E. Rosenthal and M. A. Telenkova, only one way of pronouncing a word is mentioned as the norm - with emphasis on the last syllable:
The emphasis in this word, enshrined in spelling and explanatory dictionaries, which also always contain information about the statement of stresses, also differs among different authors. All this only says that the language is constantly developing and changing. An interesting study on this topic is, for example, in the "Dictionary of the Pushkin Language", published in 2000. There you can get acquainted with outdated and obsolete words, lost stresses and meanings of modern words. For example, here's how the emphasis was put in the old days in the words "citizen, laid, fate". Or this is how some prepositions were connected with words: “between what” instead of the modern “between what”, or “towards whom”, instead of the “towards whom” used today.
Features of Russian stress
Stress is the phonetic emphasis in a word of a particular syllable. We do this by amplifying an audio signal in any part of the word. In Russian, emphasis is always placed on vowel phonemes in a word. The syllable on which it falls is called stressed. The sound under stress is always longer than the unstressed sound, and the voice on the stressed sound rises. Stress can fall in any part of the word, moreover, in different grammatical forms (when conjugating and declining words), it can move from one syllable to another. Take, for example, the word "cottage cheese" that interests us. Emphasis, as we have found, must be put on the syllable -ROG. But this is in the nominative and accusative cases. In the genitive, the stress will already be on the syllable -u, etc.
Some difficult cases
Now consider a few more words in which people very often make phonetic mistakes. The leaders of the incorrect pronunciation are the words joiner (correct - joiner), wholesale (ex. - wholesale), calls (ex. - call), scarves (ex. Scarves), bows (etc. bow), agreement (norm - agreement), lighten (norm - Lighten), beets (norm - beets), accepted (normal. - accepted), shoe (normal. - shoes). Here we also include the correct stress in Englishism: bArmen.
So, we were convinced that it is necessary to speak correctly, and for this we need not be lazy to look into the dictionaries, and also that the movable word “cottage cheese” does not get along with the stress fixed on the last syllable and seeks to legitimize another norm - stress on the first syllable. However, this process has not yet been completed, and therefore this word should be pronounced as required by most dictionaries — with the last stressed syllable.