Compound sentences are units of syntax, a branch of language science that studies phrases and sentences. These are not the smallest units. They consist of simple sentences combined into one grammatical and intonational whole.
Simple syntactic units that make up complex sentences have their own grammatical foundations, but they do not have intonational and semantic completeness, differing from simple sentences that exist independently. Only the whole composition of simple sentences expressing a complex idea possesses completeness.
An example of a simple sentence: A typical spring morning began.
Example of a complex sentence: Outside the window, the first bird's voices rang, the room brightened, and the usual spring morning began.
The means of communication between simple constructions that make up complex sentences are conjunctions, the so-called conjunctive words, and intonation, which is expressed in letters by punctuation marks. Relative pronouns and pronoun adverbs act as allied words. Often sentences are held together only by intonation.
As for communications, complex proposals are divided into all-union and union designs.
The group of allied proposals, in turn, is divided into complex and complex sentences. There are also complex offers with different types of communication.
An example of a unionless compound sentence: I will never go to cheat, it is very unpleasant to feel like a cheater, this will upset the fragile balance of my life.
An example of a complex compound sentence: Tourists walked quickly, and only two kilometers remained to the campground.
An example of a complex sentence: A forester warned that if the weather does not improve, then there is nothing to dream of hunting.
As part of a complex sentence, simple constructions are separated by commas. Commas are not placed before connecting and dividing unions, if the simple parts connected by them belong to a common minor member or a common subordinate clause.
Example: Distant mountains glisten from a window and a river is visible.
If one of the sentences contains a contrast or a sharp join, then a dash is placed instead of a comma.
Example: He raises his hand - and several people press dozens of buttons, voting for absent deputies.
If in complex sentences all parts are equal, then in complex sentences there is a main part and secondary ones. The main part contains the main idea, the main statement, and the secondary parts expressed by simple sentences answer the questions of the secondary members by analogy with the structure of a simple sentence.
By the nature of the relationship, complex sentences are divided into those that are connected directly to the main sentence and those that are connected by a serial connection, and only one of them is connected to the main one.
Example: She told me how she had a rest in the summer and where she plans to go in the winter.
To the predicate told are both subordinate clauses
Example: I suddenly saw that someone was leaving a neighboring house, in which, as I was told, the light had not been lit for many years.
The main sentence "I suddenly saw " is connected only with the subordinate sentence " that someone leaves the neighboring house ." The remaining subordinate parts are connected in series with each other.
English also uses complex constructions. If parts of a complex syntactic structure, consisting of simple structures, are equivalent and each has grammatical centers represented by a subject and predicate, then these are analogues of Russian complex sentences.
Example: We have bought a modern house, but we are not satisfied to them. We bought a modern house, but we are unhappy with it.
Simple parts in a complex whole are often connected by unions, as in the Russian sentence. In this example, this is the but union - an analogue of the Russian opposing union but .
Complicated sentences in the English language can also be complex, in which secondary simple syntactic constructions obey the main part.
What he told me yesterday turned out to be the pure truth. What he told me yesterday turned out to be true.