The indicator that we want to present in the article is one of the most difficult to understand verbal differences in the Russian language. Therefore, we will try to disassemble it diversely. What is a transitive and intransitive verb is the main theme of our material. Let's start by defining the basic concept.
What is transient?
In this context, transitivity is one of the grammatical features of verbs, which reflects the ability of the latter to attach direct additions. In other words, it is she who indicates the ability to manage nouns without an excuse. The themes that designate an active object are a person, an animal, an inanimate object, and so on.
From here the transitive and intransitive form of the verb is singled out. We will get to know each group in detail.
Transitive verbs
We begin to determine what a transitive and intransitive verb is. Let's analyze the first category.
A transitive verb denotes an action or relationship that is directed to a specific object, goes to it. The main attribute is that such verbs control an infinitive noun, a pronoun in the accusative case. But this is not an absolute rule.
If the form of the verb is negative, then the noun, the pronoun will be in the genitive case. This state of affairs is also characteristic of the case when the verb controls not the whole object, but only its part.
Transitive verbs are usually formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -– and the prefix: green, whiten and so on.
To make it clearer what an intransitive and transitive verb is, let's look at examples of the latter:
- Invite relatives.
- Feel the joy.
- Read newspaper.
- Get paid.
- Drink juice.
Transitional Verb Features
Speaking about transitive and intransitive verbs, the rules for their definition, we note that it is from the first that passive participles can be formed.
Let's look at the lexical features. In this regard, transitive verbs have the following meanings:
- Creating, modifying, destroying something, tangible and intangible, moving ( write a book, repaint a wall, break an agreement ).
- Sensory perception ( hear steps, see the world, feel the cold ).
- Impact on something that does not lead to a change in this object ( thank mom, chide the student, caress the puppy ).
- Expressing one’s emotional attitude, sensation or perception (to hate betrayal, to love the Motherland, to prefer fruits ).
Intransitive verbs
We continue to find out what a transitive and intransitive verb is. Logically, we will classify in the second group that which is not included in the first.
An intransitive verb denotes an action that does not go to the object and does not need the latter at all. Hence, it does not combine with accusative nouns without an excuse.
Here are some examples of intransitive verbs:
- Sit on the chair.
- Go to the shop.
- To live with you.
- Rejoice at the new day.
Features of intransitive verbs
In lexical terms, intransitive verbs can have the following meaning:
- The story of the mental, physical condition, position in space ( lie on the couch, feel sad at home, get a sore throat ).
- Existence, movement ( walking on the road, being yourself, coming to the office ).
- Description of any occupation, properties of a person, subject (to teach at school, to mess around in the garden ).
- The appearance, change of any qualities, the formation of a certain sign ( blush to the ears, decrease in weight ).
Intransitive verbs also highlights the following:
- Many have suffixes -sya -sya ( meet, get carried away, catch fire ).
- They are also characterized by the suffixes -icha-, -nicha-, -– (to become weak , greedy, capricious ).
- A considerable part of them are returnable ( return, have fun, rise ).
How to determine transitivity?
Transitive and intransitive (and reflexive) verbs are easy to distinguish from each other, based on several rules. Try to remember the following:
- Transitive verbs control only nouns and pronouns without a preposition, standing in the accusative and genitive case ( drive a car ).
- If the intransitive verb is combined with the accusative noun, the latter always has an excuse ( to get into the car ).
- The reflexive (ending in "-t") verb will always be intransitive ( fall in love, decide, appear ).
It is worth noting that the sign of transition in nature is only grammatical. By and large, there is no clear difference between transitive and intransitive verbs, they easily interact with each other. Compare: follow the road - cross the road .
Thus, we have learned both the features of transitive and intransitive verbs, and the features by which they are easy to distinguish. The simplest and most correct: to check whether a word is combined with a noun, a pronoun in the accusative case, precisely without a preposition. If yes, then this is a transitive verb, no - intransitive. But such a difference is important, in fact, only from a grammatical position.