Every year, the rhythm of life is accelerating. People in big cities live in crazy mode, in the morning they rush to work, from work - home, to kindergarten for a child or to the gym. Hurry everywhere and everywhere, because so many things are planned. The desire to do everything quickly passed into our speech.
Abbreviations in Russian
For the speed of writing or saving memory on the medium, they began to use more and more abbreviations when writing, which turned into oral speech. From the words at least two letters, but will be deleted:
- “Step on the gas / brake” - step on the gas / brake pedal.
- "Magaz" is a store.
- “Telek” is a television.
- "Photo" is a photograph.
- "Infa" - information.
- "Note" or "beech" - notebook (laptop - portable personal computer).
- "X / z" - "hell knows."
When writing, they also use abbreviations:
- SPPS - thanks
- Pzhlst - please
- "Prv" - hello and many others.
There are abbreviations officially adopted and enshrined in academic directories:
- "Those." - i.e
- "T.d." - etc
- “T.p.” - like that
- “Km” - kilometer
- "V / h" - a military unit and many others.
Imagine how difficult it is for a foreigner not only to learn these words, but also to understand what they mean!
In English, there are also enough abbreviations and acronyms, and it is difficult for an uninitiated in the secrets of the language to understand the rules for using conventions.
English abbreviations
In Western countries, it is customary to turn to people, emphasizing their social status, age, gender and educational level.
The most common abbreviations Dr, Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms are used before the first or last name. In Russian, social status is not emphasized.
The difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms, Dr, Mr lies in determining the social status of a woman (married or not), males and having a degree.
You can understand that Mr means "mister" (mɪstər) or "lord" when referring to a male person of any age, regardless of whether he is married or not, and in the absence of a degree. Used with last name: Mr Holmes is a detective - Mr. Holmes is a detective.
Dr is an appeal to a man or woman who has a scientific degree or medical practice (in the Russian Federation it is a candidate or doctor of science). For example: Dr Watson is Sherlock Holmes' friend - Dr. Watson is a friend of Sherlock Holmes.
All abbreviations Dr, Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms in British English are written without a dot, in American English with a dot. For example: Mr.
Appeal to a woman
But the difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms is almost the same as it was in pre-revolutionary Russia: when referring to unmarried girls - “young lady”, and “madame” - to married ladies. It is difficult to understand if you have not studied the language, but nothing is impossible.
What is the difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms? Everything is elementary! Miss's message is taken in relation to unmarried girls, when you are sure that she does not have a marriage, and it does not matter how old the girl is - 1 year or 90 years. Pronounced as "miss" (mɪs), an indication precedes the last name: Good afternoon, Miss Wood! - Good afternoon, Miss Wood!
Again, Miss turns to the saleswoman, maid and teacher, even if she is married. This is due to the fact that previously only unmarried women could teach.
At first glance, the difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms is small, but it is.
For a married woman using her husband’s surname, Mrs (Mɪs --z - "misis") was accepted from the word Mistress - Mrs. or Mrs. mistress, mistress, woman with family: Mrs Johns is a housewife. Mrs. Jones is a housewife.
You can also contact Mrs. divorced women or widows, who after Missis call their first name and maiden name.
The meaning of the difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms can be understood only by reading British newspapers or books on etiquette, where Ms (mɪz, məz) is turning more often to a woman - “mis” from the word Mistress does not depend on her husband. This is just an indication of female gender. If you do not know whether the girl is married, and do not want to offend her, feel free to call her Ms! No need to guess whether she changed her surname or not - the woman herself will correct the form of treatment if she considers it necessary. This is a correct neutral treatment in English-speaking countries, a generally accepted welcome in business, an appeal to a woman who emphasizes her equal rights with men.
Official appeal
The word Ms, which appeared in the 1950s, was introduced in the 1970s to refer to feminists.
Miss, Mrs, Ms - the difference in accessing the female sex, adopted in Western countries, where they attach great importance to status. This abbreviation is also placed in front of the last name or estate: Ms Jane Clark has got a nice car! “Jane Clark has a nice car!”
In newspapers and magazines, this is a generally accepted appeal policy. Even Judith Martin, recognized by Miss Flawless Manners, in her books on etiquette recommends this form of greeting women.
Between Miss, Mrs, Ms, the difference exists only in a formal setting, at a business meeting and communication of unfamiliar people. When talking with friends and relatives, they simply use names and surnames without indicating the social status of the word or simply affectionate buzzwords.