The mechanical properties of a metal or alloy, such as hardness, ductility, resistance to deformation, tensile strength or wear resistance, are the main criteria for choosing a material.
Any metal (as well as wood or plastic) that is under the influence of any loads is not capable of endlessly testing them. Deformations and fractures occurring under the influence of various adverse environments and various operating conditions must be taken into account individually in each case. For example, the addition of one or another element to the chemical composition of an alloy, a metal processing method, or the presence or absence of a hard chrome coating will allow different ways to show the same material in different operating modes.
The tensile strength for each material is determined both empirically and with the help of complex mathematical analysis and laboratory tests. Using various methods allows you to achieve the most accurate research results.
The data obtained are summarized in single regulatory documents - GOSTs, OSTs and reference books, which are used in the calculation and selection of the necessary material. The resistance of metals and alloys to all kinds of deformations and fractures, determined by such a mechanical characteristic as the tensile strength of steel or cast iron, composite, wood or plastic, affects the reliability and service life of the product.
The right choice of material and its rational use are inherently economically justified for the safety and durability of the structure. In today's industry, any materials must be characterized by optimum performance. The tensile strength, fatigue or yield strength, temporary resistance to bending or compression, torsion or tension should not exceed acceptable requirements and standards. Only slight deformation is allowed in the calculations.
If the acting load exceeds the permissible tensile strength, there comes a moment of destruction of the part, machine or structure. Thus, the wrong choice of material contributes not only to the additional costs of repair or replacement of the mechanism or part, but also the complete destruction of the entire structure.
The reliability of the structure as a whole, the duration of operation of parts, machines and equipment depend on the indicators of temporary mechanical resistances. For example, the tensile strength of steel of grade 45 under tension or compression, torsion or bending is optimal. It is this brand of steel that is most often used for the production of parts and mechanisms requiring increased strength characteristics.
Steel and cast iron used in construction have not yet found a worthy replacement. Thanks to new methods of obtaining these metals and their modern processing, the use of these materials is becoming wider every year. Reliability, durability and optimal tensile strength are excellent performance indicators.