An adverb is an independent part of speech, which denotes a sign of an object, a sign of action or a sign of a sign. There is a voluminous system for the classification of adverbs - about a dozen of their types in Russian and slightly less in English, which greatly complicates their study. It is especially difficult when trying not to get confused in the order of words in English sentences.
The fact is that the structure of English grammar is built on the correct word order in a sentence. You constantly have to think about how to arrange the subject, predicate and auxiliary verb or verbs, if it is a difficult time. Because of this, the place of adverbs in the English sentence is defined as horrible, and it is considered to be something like secret knowledge for true masters, inaccessible to mere mortals. Although, if you look, everything is much simpler.
General rule
If you do not go into details of the classification of adverbs, and try to derive an independent general rule, it turns out that the place of adverbs in a sentence in English can be described as follows: putting it at the end of the sentence, the speaker in nine out of ten cases will be right. The fact is that many types of dialects, among other places in the sentence, are able to occupy a place at the end. Here are some examples of how this looks in practice:
- I am going to visit my best friend tomorrow! “ Tomorrow I'm going to pay a visit to my best friend!” (in this sentence, the adverb of the time tomorrow is used - "tomorrow").
- We meet together and discuss our professions and achievements sometimes. - Sometimes we get together and discuss our professions and achievements. (the adverb of the frequency / frequency is sometimes used - sometimes).
In both examples in Russian, the dialect is at the beginning of the sentence, however, those who are even a little familiar with the structure of English grammar know that such inconsistencies occur constantly. If you try to include adverbs in sentences the way a Russian-speaking one would do in Russian, terrible confusion can result.
If this basic rule - putting an adverb at the end of a sentence - is enough for a beginner, then an advanced English lover will not have enough. Therefore, it’s time to figure out how to place separate groups of dialects in a sentence.
Adverbs of Action
They are called signs of action. These dialects describe how, in what manner and with what characteristic features this or that action is performed: "sit quietly", "laugh out loud", "speak fast" and so on. In sentences in English, the place of the adverbs of the mode of action is determined somewhat conditionally: most often they are located between the auxiliary and the main verb, but can also be at the end of the sentence. Here are some examples:
- He was greatly respected by his family, friends and everyone who had success to know him. - His family, friends and everyone who was lucky to meet him respected him very much. (The adverb grately - "very" - stands here between the auxiliary and the main verb).
- I will not prevent you, I will just sit here and listen to you quietly. - I will not interfere, I just sit quietly and listen to you. (The adverbial quetly - "quietly" - is at the end of the sentence).
As the examples show, for adverbs of the mode of action there are as many as two places in the sentence. The appropriateness of using one or another dialect in a sentence in one of these places is decided individually.
Adverbs of measure and degree
These adverbs describe the extent to which an event affects a person, object or phenomenon: partially, completely, absolutely, totally, entirely, to some extent, and so on. These adverbs are put before the word of which they are a sign. Sometimes they relate to the verb:
- I was absoutely convinced that he was right. - I was absolutely convinced that he was right.
To the adjective:
- This woman is completly wonderful: kind, cute, polite and very lovely. - This woman is simply amazing: kind, sweet, polite and very cheerful.
And to another adverb:
- Since I arrived here, I have observed, that people speak very fast. - Since I arrived here, I managed to notice that people here speak very quickly.
But they are never put at the beginning of a sentence, and very rarely at its end. However, it’s quite easy to handle them, because their place in the proposal is very similar to how Russian-speaking adverbs have it.
Adverbs of frequency
The place of frequency adverbs in the English sentence is defined as follows: before the main verb, but after the auxiliary. These adverbs indicate the frequency of certain actions: always, sometimes, regularly, rarely, from time to time, and so on.
- I was always appreciated by my friends. - My friends always appreciated me.
- She seldom visits me, because she lives very far. “ She rarely visits me because she lives very far away.”
If the meaning of an adverb needs to be emphasized, emphasized, or if it is an answer to a question, it can be put at the end of the sentence.
- The most sad thing is that we meet very rarely. - The saddest thing is that we meet very rarely.
- We don't really know each other, but I meet her in the office sometimes. “ In fact, we do not know each other, but I sometimes meet her in the office.”
The sometimes adverb may also be at the beginning of a sentence:
- Sometimes I go to the movie theater, but it is less interesting for me than to enjoy my free time quietly with an improving book. - Sometimes I go to the cinema, but it is not so interesting for me how to enjoy my free time, quietly reading my favorite book.
Adverbs of place and time
It is easy to guess that this category of dialects indicates the place and time at which the action took place: yesterday, today, tomorrow, nearby, nearby, far, and so on. In the sentence, they are most often located at the end:
- I will have an important meeting tomorrow. - Tomorrow I have an important meeting.
The place of the adverb of time in the English sentence can also be at the beginning of the sentence:
- Yesterday my friend invited me to the museum, but I refused to go, because I was tired. - Yesterday my friend invited me to the museum, but I refused to go because I was very tired.
Short adverbs of place and time, consisting of one syllable, such as soon - "soon", then - "then", now - "now", and others like that, can be located between the auxiliary and the main verb.
- I am now going to buy a ticket and fly away from here! - Right now I'm going to buy a ticket and fly away to hell!
If a proposal needs to include several dialects at once, one of them being places, and the other of time, the adverb of place will go first in order.
- I will probably walk nearby tomorrow. “ Tomorrow I'll probably take a walk nearby.”
Adverbs common to the whole sentence
Sometimes the place of adverbs in the English sentence is determined by how important this adverb is for the speaker, what shade they seek to give him. Some adverbs expressing, for example, the likelihood or the author’s assessment of what is happening, are usually put at the beginning or at the end of sentences. For instance:
- Unfortunately, I will not be able to come. - Unfortunately, I can’t come.
- I will meet her tomorrow at the bus station, probably. “ Perhaps I will meet her at the bus stop tomorrow.”
In the first case, unfortunately - "unfortunately" - expresses the author’s assessment of what is happening. In the second case, probably - "possibly" - indicates the probability of the event. Both dialects do not apply to any particular member of a sentence, but to the whole sentence. Therefore, for them, the place of adverbs in the English sentence is its end or beginning.