What is energy supply?

It is difficult to imagine modern civilization without the already familiar benefits. Once they are removed, the world will be transformed. Or maybe even all civilization that has already become familiar will collapse. One of these cornerstones is energy supply. This is something without which it is impossible to effectively produce products by enterprises, communicate with people in different parts of the world, and much more.

general information

Begin with a definition. Energy supply is the process of providing consumers with all the necessary types of energy, as well as their carriers, which are necessary for normal functioning. What plays a big role here? Carriers! Those that are currently used or can be applied in the future are called energy resources. They are primary (primary) and secondary. In the first case, it is:

1. Solid fuel. Coal, peat, and schists belong to it.
2. Liquid fuel. It includes oil and its derivatives, such as fuel oil, kerosene, and solar oil.
3. Gaseous fuel. It includes associated, natural, condensate and artificial gases.
4. Hot and cold water.
5. Air.
6. Water vapor.
7. Air separation products. It is oxygen and nitrogen.
8. Coolant.
9. Hydrogen.

Secondary energy resources - this is what they receive as a by-product in the implementation of their core business. They may be non-combustible.

The main types of energy needed

Most facilities require electricity, water and heat. If the conversation is about large enterprises or social security facilities that have their own boiler houses or generating stations, then fuel supply should also be provided. Depending on the conditions of use and the specifics of the technology, there may be a need for air, cold and so on. Energy supply is a very wide area in which many points have to be taken into account.

Importance for commercial and industrial facilities

Energy management is an integral part of them. It should be considered as a set of generating, converting, transmitting and consuming installations, through which everything is supplied. In this case, the following requirements are put forward:

1. Providing the required level of reliability. It involves the formation of criteria that will be presented. Often they are formulated in building codes, applicable regulations, guidelines and other papers.
2. Ensuring the required quality of energy (or fuel). This is provided in cases where its performance affects the functioning of consumers or supply systems.
3. Convenience, safety and ease of installation and use. This is ensured by a wide range of integrated installations, as well as prefabricated elements. As an example, cameras of complex devices, transformer substations, capacitor units, and the like can be cited.

What points still need to be considered?

In addition to those already listed, you must bring:

1. Taking into account the possibility of increasing energy loads and consumption in the next seven to ten years. At the same time, major reconstruction of the already created system should not be carried out. To comply with this requirement, it is necessary to correctly determine the design loads and select the appropriate design solutions.
2. Ensuring the efficiency of a working system. To fulfill this requirement, it is necessary to make a number of technical and organizational decisions. They should ensure the least of all possible costs, provided that the previous requirements are met, as well as the achievement of the intended goals. All this is regulated by articles No. 539-548 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Relationship building

This point is regulated by Article 539. It provides for the need to conclude an energy supply agreement. It should contain important points of the relationship, which are referred to the decision of the current legislation. Separately, it is necessary to mention the rights and obligations that the parties possess. There is a clear list that they must adhere to. All this should be reflected in the concluded agreement, which complies with the established Energy Supply Rules. Otherwise, problems may arise in the legal field.

About power supply

Among all the diversity that energy supply offers, this is perhaps the most important part. Under the power supply is understood a complex of technical means, as well as organizational measures that provide electricity to consumers on the basis of a contract. It can be internal and external. In the first case, it implies the existence of a complex of networks and substations that are located on the territory of the consumer. External power supply - these are facilities that provide electric power transmission from the point of connection to the power system to the point of use. Without all this, very often, many other benefits are not available. For example, water, heat, lighting, access to the World Wide Web, as well as many other things that are already familiar.

Accounting

Energy supply efficiency cannot be assessed without control. The unit of account for electricity is kilowatt hours. Monthly consumers need to pay a certain amount. It is calculated by multiplying the tariff by the number of kilowatt hours used. As a rule, counter indicators are used for this. Taking a testimony from him is usually the responsibility of the consumer himself. Although the supplier has the right to control the correctness of the data received and independently take them.

Standalone Solutions

In our country, there is a regular increase in utility bills. You can complain about this state of affairs or take control of the situation. For example, you can use energy-saving technologies - light bulbs, wall insulation, water pressure limiters. If conditions allow (living in a private house), then the range of available solutions is significantly increasing. The most popular is the use of alternative energy sources. For example, the efficiency of the solar panels used for energy supply makes it possible to more than provide a solid peasant house using an area of ​​four square meters, provided that there is sunny weather. Moreover, the generated electricity can be stored in special batteries or even sold to utilities. The current efficiency of solar panels used for energy supply is very significant. This technology has taken more than one step forward. For a long time in history there were those times when the efficiency for them was only a few percent. Now it is measured in double digits and can pay off in just a few years.

Continuing the theme of solar energy

It is no secret that, despite significant development, not all places are provided with the benefits of civilization. An example is the situation with gas. It seems that its reserves are in huge quantities. And we get a lot. And even export. Nevertheless, there are many houses that are not provided with central heating, gas for cooking and much more. What then to do? Alternatives are being sought. You can follow in the footsteps of your ancestors and burn wood for heating and cooking. But all these tasks can be performed with the help of electricity. It is suitable for both electric stoves and electric heaters. At the same time, there are no harmful emissions into the air that adversely affect people's health. The efficiency of the solar panels used to power one house will be more than enough to meet all needs. But they are not the only alternative available. You can also pay attention to wind energy. On the one hand, it is more permanent, and also suitable for our northern conditions. But on the other hand, obtaining it is still quite expensive.

Reliability Issues

When it comes to power supply, consumers can be divided into three categories. Namely, their types are distinguished:

1. Electric consumers of I category. These include those for which a power outage can create life-threatening situations, lead to significant material losses, damage to valuable equipment, mass rejection of products, a malfunction of a complex technological process, and the functioning of especially important components of the public utilities. Here, a group of users is singled out separately, whose uninterrupted operation is necessary in order to prevent threats to the population, fires and explosions.
2. Electric consumers of the II category. In this case, it is understood that a power outage leads to a massive downtime of industrial machinery, transport, workers, violates the rhythm of life of a large number of rural and urban residents.
3. Electric consumers of the III category. These are all the others who do not fall within the definitions above.

Conclusion

As you can see, power supply to homes, enterprises, schools and hospitals is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. Thanks to the development of modern technology, you can be fully provided, even if the house is hundreds of kilometers from the nearest more or less large settlements. For example, somewhere in the taiga. Although, everything is not fully provided for them. For example, hospitals, hospitals, and intensive care units may have backup sources of support. But as a rule, it is not designed for prolonged use of gasoline and diesel generators. This is a good example of the genius of mankind, but not the best that you can count on. That's just for public infrastructure new technologies are not yet affordable.