One of the decisive factors in the design of the stairs is the type of steps. They are made of various materials in a variety of forms. The choice of components is large enough, but it must be carried out with the necessary knowledge and compliance with standards. The basic rule is the selection of stairs depending on the features.
Types of steps and features of their implementation
There are a lot of criteria for classifications. They are diverse and help to choose the appropriate option in more detail.
The first classification varies depending on the shape of the treads. Tread - the upper part of the step, which is located horizontally. She may be:
- Straight.
- Arc.
- Zabazhnaya.
- Swivel.
Rotary steps find their application in those houses where a small amount of space is allocated for the device of the staircase. In this case, you can use the downstream option.
The street version of the staircase is performed with rotary stair steps. They can be different in design, which is performed in accordance with regulatory documentation. One of the inconveniences that may arise during design is the calculation of parameters. All steps will be different.
By the number of flights of stairs, there can be:
- With one march.
- With several.
Any staircase begins with a starting step, and the weekend ends. All other constructions are called intermediate.
The height between the steps is called the riser, which can be open and closed. Risers can also be of various forms:
- Rectangular
- Round.
- Triangular.
- Wedge-shaped.
Some design considerations
All parameters in the stairs are selected only taking into account the standards. This will provide the necessary safety and comfort.
The width of the step should be from 250 to 400 millimeters. When the staircase is screw type, then the size will have to be changed.
The steps of the flight of stairs in width should be 900-1000 millimeters. It can also be modified if a massive porch is built in. Increasing the width is not recommended because you will lose usable area.
The number of structures should be equal to what is indicated in the regulatory document.
Material variations
The following materials are used to decorate the steps:
- A rock.
- Tile.
- Glass.
- Wood.
- Brick.
Stair steps made of wood are short-lived. All parts are processed with protective equipment, which allows to increase the service life. In the event that there is a possibility of the appearance of a fungus, antiseptic agents should be used.
Glass steps may seem fragile at first glance. But in terms of reliability, in fact, they are not inferior to other components. Reinforced glass is used here, and for the frame - metal grating.
Concrete staircases are usually tiled. In this case, you can resort to the use of various components that mimic a variety of options. One of the commonly used methods is porcelain stoneware. The structure is similar to natural wood. Such material has been known for a long time and is used to create interior decor.
Another material is ceramic concrete, which has been developed in many series. It is durable and has a long service life.
Steps for stairs can be faced with brick. It is available to absolutely anyone in the price category and is applicable for both outdoor and indoor use.
Finishing bricks are sold in special collections and include sets of various parts.
How to make a calculation?
Before calculating the correct design of the stairs, it is necessary to make a plan of the entire building. Thanks to this, you can correctly choose the dimensions of the staircases in accordance with architectural features.
Today, there are many programs for computers that will allow a more thorough process.
The best option is an angle of 30 degrees. Any deviation will affect comfort and safety. For the classic staircase, you can apply the option of 45 °. In public buildings, the parameter varies between 20-30 °. On the street, the slope decreases up to 5-15 °.
The lifting step is another characteristic that depends on the height of the flight of stairs and the width. For the calculation, it is necessary to divide the entire height of the structure into equal parts. According to the norms, they should be in the range of 15 to 25 centimeters.
For convenience, it is best to use drawings. There you can graphically show all the calculations that remain until the end of construction. The following data is displayed here:
- The height of the stairs.
- The number of designs.
- The height of all risers.
Production of porcelain stoneware stairs
The most relevant option for the manufacture of steps is porcelain. Such designs can be prefabricated and monolithic. Integral versions of steps can be formed from standard sheets 300 x 300 mm in size. Dimensions of risers - 300 x 100 mm. This method will be optimal in quality, strength and durability.
If we talk about prefabricated stairs made of porcelain stoneware, then it is made of separate parts. Here the seams are formed by the joining method. Many experienced designers resort to combining various types of porcelain stoneware.
It can be of several types:
- Polished.
- No polishing.
- With glazing.
The standard equipment usually includes tread, risers and baseboards. If the option is monolithic, then the whole design makes up a full-fledged model from a single component.
Making stair steps from wood
The second material for the manufacture of steps and their decoration is wood. For this procedure, a variety of materials are usually used. This includes maple, ash and oak. In the event that you want to conduct the processes yourself, but you have no work experience, you should resort to the acquisition of processed raw materials. One of the leaders is oak.
Wood is widespread due to a number of significant advantages. It has attractive beauty and a long life. In addition, beech is used. It is inferior in strength, but cost-effective. Therefore, in most cases it will be more relevant.
Ash and maple are also attractive and have a clearer texture. They have a choice of tint palette.
If we talk about other types of wood, then there are differences in all respects. Do not forget that the better the component, the longer it will last. When buying, it is best to immediately stock up on various means to improve quality characteristics.
Installation of the finished stairs
Today, staircases can be attached in a variety of ways. Some of them require special skills and knowledge, while others can be mounted by anyone. Installation is carried out with the following devices:
If the first two methods are suitable for absolutely everyone, then the latter is preferred only by professionals. For fixations are usually used:
- Wooden bars.
- Corners made of metal.
- Mounts in grooves.
Trim and staircase design
Various staircase finishing options can be used here. In the case when you work with wood, you should take care of the patterns, drawings and engraving.
If porcelain is used, here you can find interesting design solutions. You can choose just some steps that will match the color of the baseboard.
conclusions
If you decide to make a staircase, then special attention should be paid specifically to the requirements of the standards. This will provide the necessary safety and comfort during use. Also, do not forget about the characteristics of the finishing components, which also play a paramount role in ensuring durability. This will allow you to make staircases once and without making additional funds for restoration.