Before opening a deposit with a bank, you need to make sure that the organization is included in the deposit insurance system (CER). The main idea of the program is to make quick payments to customers from an independent source (fund) in the event of a license revocation. So, even before the start of liquidation procedures, investors receive their funds back. International experience shows that such a system raises the bar of customer confidence and reduces the cost of overcoming crisis phenomena.
In which banks are deposits insured
In Russia, this procedure is regulated by the same law and does not require an additional contract. In order to manage the system in 2004, a special state organization was created - the Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA). It is engaged in the formation of a register of investors and the issuance of savings. Banks whose deposits are insured by the state: Sberbank, VTB (24), Gazprom, Alpha, Bank of Moscow, UniCredit, Promsvyaz, MDM, Raiffeisen, Binbank, Citibank, etc. This list also includes another 840 large and small financial institutions.
The amount of the insured deposit in banks since 2015 is 1.4 million rubles. It includes funds of individuals (from 01.01.2014 - IP), placed in the form of fixed-term deposits on demand, on cards (credit poop) and on accounts. At the same time, institutions must be registered in the Russian Federation. The state does not provide:
- funds in non-named metal accounts;
- bearer deposits;
- funds transferred to trust;
- deposits in foreign branches of the bank;
- money transfers that are carried out without opening an account.
The amount of the insured deposit in banks: concept
The deposits of Russians in credit institutions are protected by the state. From the moment the DIA was created and until December 31, 2014, the amount of the insured deposit in banks amounted to 700 thousand rubles. per customer. Since the current year, this figure has been doubled. This means that if clients have several deposits opened in different branches of the same credit institution, then the total amount of accumulations taking into account interest is taken into account. In case of revocation of a license from a bank, only deposits worth RUB 1.4 million are subject to return. Deposits that exceed this figure are not compensated. The insurance premium is paid by the DIA.
Banks whose deposits are insured by the state transfer a certain percentage of the funds raised to the guarantor. These receipts, as well as the amounts received from the Central Bank, are used to pay debt to depositors in the event of a license revocation.
Danger
Deposits attracted in any currency are secured. But deposits in rubles are considered more protected. In case of devaluation of the national currency, deposits in dollars, euros and pounds begin to grow. DIA pays the deposit only in rubles, and at the exchange rate of the Bank of Russia on the day the license is withdrawn from the credit institution. There are two dangers here. First: with a strong devaluation, the value of the deposit in rubles may exceed the state guaranteed. Then the investor will not receive his savings at all. Second: losses may occur due to the large gap between the official and market exchange rates.
Action algorithm
CERs take effect after the license is revoked from the bank. After that, investors can apply to the DIA with a request to return the deposit. In this case, you must provide:
- statement;
- a document certifying the right of claim for the heirs, or a power of attorney.
DIA should give the client an extract from the register with a list of bank obligations to him. Funds are paid out after 3 business days, provided that more than two weeks have passed since the license was withdrawn. If the amount of compensation does not suit the former investor, he can write a corresponding application to the DIA. A list of documents confirming the right to receive a larger payment should be attached to the paper.
CER Reform
For 9 months of 2014, 40 credit institutions, including Trust Bank, did not pass an audit with the Central Bank. Deposits are insured by the state in these organizations for a total amount of 212 billion rubles. The volume of DIA funds for the year decreased from 237 billion rubles to 154 billion rubles. Most stood out Mosoblbank, sanitizing which was cheaper than recovering the consequences of liquidation. The decrease in volumes accumulated by an average of 1% in small and medium-sized banks began to worry regulators.
State credit organizations occupy leading positions in the ranking in terms of the amount of borrowed funds. Large systemically important banks are forced to pay for deposit insurance in troubled ones. There are several ways out of this situation.
First. Banks, the deposits of which are insured by the state, pay 0.1% of the amount of funds raised on a monthly basis. The question of differentiating this rate is being considered. But this will require a change in legislation and will cause a lot of controversy.
Second. At the moment, the state has guaranteed the amount of the insured deposit in banks in the amount of 1.4 million. There is a proposal to limit not only the volume, but also the number of payments per depositor for deposits opened in all banks being rehabilitated.
Third. Refuse deposit interest insurance. This scheme was valid in 2006-2007. This will benefit the owners of deposits in foreign currency.