In oral speech, intonation and pauses are used to highlight its individual fragments. In the written for these purposes serve as a dash, comma, semicolon. Most often in the letter we come across separate definitions. The role of definitions is performed by the participles and adjectives.
Can isolate:
- single participles and verb adjectives if they are in position after the word being defined. When in the middle of a sentence, commas are placed on both sides, for example: The forest, wet and chilled, moaned deafly under gusts of wind. If separate definitions are at the beginning or end of a sentence, they are highlighted with a single comma: A girl appeared on the street, dancing and laughing.
- Sacraments and verbal adjectives with dependent words, provided that they are also after the identified noun: The sea, agitated by the wind, rumbled deafly. The number of commas depends on the position of the highlighted definition: at the beginning and end - one comma, in the middle - two commas.
- For some constructions, the sentence may not contain a definable noun, to which separate definitions belong. However, the "lost" word is easily restored from the context. Commas are placed according to the rules: Look, rather, the black slipped into the bushes.
Separation, in turn, does not occur if:
- definitions in the sentence are before the defined word: The brother hurrying to the morning train left for the station in advance;
- the definitions are located in the sentence after the definable noun, but it is precisely in this sentence that the definition does not need: This picture was painted in a manner very original and even something remarkable;
- the definable noun performs the function of the subject, and the definition is connected in the sense not only with it, but also with the predicate, because part of it: The lake at my feet was completely dark and dumb due to the cloudy sky.
- There are other limitations under which stand-alone definitions are not.
Agreed Definitions
Definitions can be either agreed or not agreed. They are called consonant because they take grammatical forms of the gender, number, and case of the word, usually the noun to which they belong.
A separate agreed definition relating to a personal pronoun stands out with commas in any position: It, supported on both sides, barely made it to the bed. Whistling something fun, he was fast approaching. In such cases, as a rule, definitions are common.
Agreed definitions facing a definable noun can be isolated if there are other words in the sentence between them: Warm and clear , a sunbeam stroked me through the window.
Homogeneous definitions and their isolation
Like any homogeneous members of a sentence, homogeneous definitions denote similar characteristics of one subject, relate to one definable word, and between them a creative union can be inserted . Or different objects call their distinctive properties, qualities, signs.
If the proposal has separate homogeneous definitions, it means that there are no alliances between them, for example: Before our eyes, the city spread far and sparkled with clear, rainbow lights in the night .
Most often, homogeneous definitions are adjectives-epithets. Thanks to them, an artistic image is created in the text , and speech takes on an aesthetic load. As an expressive speech device, a series of homogeneous definitions expressing a sign and located in a sentence in a certain sense sequence of the sign growth can form a semantic gradation: A bright, iridescent, completely happy state did not leave me all day.