Test benches are research equipment designed for various acceptance, control, special tests of technical and mechanical objects. The essence of the test is to identify the compliance of real and maximum loads. Consider the types of such devices and their features.
general information
Test benches in a standard configuration are a complex consisting of a bed, a vibration, hydraulic or other working system, instrumentation, and additional devices.
Checking the device or mechanism on the stand allows you to evaluate several parameters at the same time that affect the object. In real conditions, such testing is practically impossible. After testing, indicators are recorded. The unit malfunctions or its full compliance with the required parameters are determined. This approach allows timely identification and elimination of design flaws.
Appointment and use of test benches
The use of the devices in question contributes to the following aspects:
- Improving product quality.
- Saves energy.
- The influence of the human factor on a number of processes is reduced.
- Working conditions are improved through automation and process control.
As a rule, the test bench allows you to use three main positions:
- Carry out the design and research of objects.
- Determine the possibility of manufacturing or repairing serial samples that need regular inspection or calibration.
- Monitor the operation of equipment during operation.
At each stage, a series of tests are provided, which are usually carried out by a standard method. After implementing the conceived algorithm, the automatic system makes it possible to mathematically evaluate several parameters of the controlled object. In turn, this improves the performance, accuracy and efficiency of the device. On modern test benches an automated functioning matrix is provided, which after a short period of time displays all indications on the display with decoding.
Principle of operation
Automated devices make it possible to use them with minimal operator involvement. For example, to test software and its analogues, a software package is used that can virtually test the required units.
This technology provides several advantages, namely:
- There is an autonomous switching of the measuring channels.
- Power settings remain unchanged.
- The readings are taken automatically, after which they are recorded in the measurement log.
- Test settings are selected in accordance with the conditions and features of the test.
Hardware elements
In this regard, the equipment of test benches consists of the following devices:
- Spectrum analyzer responsible for incoming analog signals of the tested object.
- Amplifiers that are required to improve incoming information in a pulsed form.
- Switching block. This node allows testing incoming information using special analyzers, regardless of the communication channel used.
- Power sources used to activate the stand or parts of the device under test.
- Multimeters, circuit boards and converters. They perform the function of stabilizers and normalizers, guaranteeing normal operation without voltage drops or other factors.
- Additional devices.
Software part
It is worth noting that the test stands of electrical equipment can combine several parts in one housing. This allows you to simultaneously check almost all the required parameters of the examined object.
The program of some stands was made in the ZETVIEW system, which involves the use of several block matrices. The equipment in question can be manufactured for a strictly narrow specialization or check the full range of possible aspects.
Universal test bench
Such calibration machines make it possible to test devices that have similar characteristics. It is enough for the operator to simply select a suitable object from the list and configure the device taking into account the required parameters. Typically, changes are made to the frequency, dynamic ranges, the number of tested indicators and error limits.
Such devices are equipped with a complex interface, which allows the user to adjust the software settings. A similar type of stands is multifunctional modifications. They are designed to work in several modes. Among them:
- Calibration
- Debugging
- Verification.
To configure the correct operation of the device, you will need to select the appropriate position. Such devices allow the operator to select the desired program and test the facility. After that, if necessary, he can reconfigure the next mode.
Analogs
A hydraulic test bench enables the verification of the respective components of valves and amplifiers. As a result, the readings of the power characteristic, the readings of the sensors, the amplitude of the transmitted signal and other main operating parameters are recorded. The unit consists of control valves that open and close, depending on the direction of the test. Using such a device, the following indicators of hydraulic devices can be tested:
- Pressure supply.
- Kinematic energy.
- Speed aspects.
- The tightness of the device.
- The operation of control devices.
- Functionality of motors and auxiliary elements.
Features of a hydraulic test bench
The device under consideration relates mainly to the field of mechanical engineering. It can also be used to check valves, electro-hydraulic amplifiers, and other units equipped with a suitable system.
The test bench layout, which is presented below, indicates that the device can also be equipped with a control unit. This allows you to test electromechanical converters. They measure indicators between the amplifier and the block of output parameters, as well as the state of the hydraulic motor.
In the considered modifications, the speed indicator is determined by applying currents of different polarity and magnitude to the input of the EMF. This takes into account the speed of movement of the output part of the technological motor, and also controls the magnitude of the stroke of the moving link.
Minuses
The negative features of these units include a very long duration of measurements, especially in the field of low costs, which have a low informative content.
Nevertheless, an improved scheme of the hydraulic test bench allows you to check not only the main motor, but also its associated units, as well as the amplifier. Moreover, it is possible to do this with connected hydraulic lines, without draining the liquids.
In conclusion
The price of the test bench depends on many factors. First, the type of device affects the cost. It is logical that modern automated devices will cost much more. Nevertheless, they are capable of delivering test results for all the required parameters directly to the display in a matter of seconds.
Used modifications can be purchased from 85 thousand rubles. This applies to the simplest model. More productive options can cost over 5 million. It is worth noting that the units under consideration not only provide verification of the objects under examination, but also participate in the part of guaranteeing the safety and quality of products. Therefore, test benches are one of the most effective methods for the development and monitoring of existing instruments, devices and mechanisms.