The human psyche is characterized in that the latter, in addition to hereditary and acquired forms of behavior, has a new means of orientation in the world around him - knowledge representing some kind of experience transmitted through speech. Considering what consciousness is, we can say that this is a body of knowledge, it is a formed higher form of reflection of reality in the form of a subjective model of the world. This is a mental state of human life, which is expressed in the experience of life events and reporting about them to oneself.
Opening the question of what consciousness is, it must be noted that it is changing, that is, not static. Thus, we are talking about a process that leads to the emergence of models of perception of reality, which in turn are also not static, but change with the development of a person, his rethinking of past experience and its generalization. These models are unique for each person, expressed in the form of sensations and can be verbally reproduced.
So what is consciousness? This is a system of self-regulation, the basis of which is presented in the form of value orientations. It has some specific features: the ability to reflect the relationships that matter most at a particular moment, the ability to highlight the goals of an activity, reflect the world through a system of attitudes and knowledge, build a model of your personality on its basis of interaction with reality (self-awareness).
In the course of the formation and development of the psyche, the interaction of a person with objects of the material world becomes the basis of mental internal actions, as a result of which there is an internal manipulation of images. This transition is called internalization. With its help, a person models the relationship between various objects and learns to anticipate the results of these actions in advance. Thus, the formed mental operations begin to regulate the external. Therefore, all the conscious acts of man are the result of the activity of his psyche.
Consider concepts such as moral consciousness and social.
The latter includes religion, science, ideology, art. Various changes that occur in social relations lead to changes in the subject of public consciousness.
Moral consciousness is a person’s awareness of ethical definitions and concepts. It considers the actions of people from the side of their moral virtues and values. Morality itself offers a choice between evil and good, which a person makes, guided by its principles.
Thus, moral consciousness is the sum of norms, requirements and prohibitions that act as a regulator of human behavior and activity.
Man is structured so that he can live using four states of consciousness. So, he uses one when he is sleeping, the second when he is awake. The third state can be called self-consciousness, and the fourth - objective consciousness, which is inaccessible, since it is achieved only through a person’s self-awareness.
In philosophy and psychology, it is generally accepted that a person, developing self-awareness, achieves the so-called higher emotional function, and at the time when the state of objective consciousness comes, he acquires a different function - the highest intellectual. However, it should be understood that the functions and states of consciousness exist independently of each other.
So what is consciousness? This is the area that defines human behavior. It is the basis of everything that a person does, is an integral part of his existence. Developing and improving, a person is able to achieve such a state of consciousness when the highest intellectual function is manifested.