Words with the suffix -enok-, -onok-: examples of words and rules

According to school curricula, the period when children learn words with the suffix -enok is grade 3. Words with this suffix often cause difficulties in the aspect of word formation and spelling.

These difficulties are connected, first of all, with phonetics, namely, when the letter is played, the letter gives a sound [o]. For example, the word "fox" containing the letter -e in the suffix, in transcription will look like this: [l`is`onok]. Thus, the letter - when sounding after a soft consonant [c`] is transformed into sound [o].

Therefore, it is important when studying this topic to pay special attention to the formation of new words using the indicated suffixes, as well as the correct choice of -o and -e in their spelling.

In addition to clear rules governing the choice of a suffix in a given derivational situation, there are some aspects that determine the use of this affix in terms of the semantic load that it gives to the original word. Particular attention should be paid to this.

Newly formed forms are used depending on the speech situation and semantic meaning, which is endowed with the formed word.

Words with the suffix -onok / -enok: examples

Examples of words with the suffix -onok:

• a tie;
• teddy bear;
• little cat;
• the frog;
• barrel;
• little chicken;
• turkey;
• little hare;
• squirrel;
• rabbit;
• little dog;
• cuckoo;
• haircuts;
• birdhouse;
• turtle;
• little spider
• mouse
• small crustacean;
• hedgehog;
• walrus;
• granddaughter;
• badger;
• Cossack
• camel
• little boy;
• deacon;
• turkey
• wolf cub;
• rook;
• shepherdess
• Chinese woman.

Examples of words with the suffix -enok:

• duckling;
• kitten;
• little animal;
• Owlet
• the devil;
• imp;
• oiler;
• honey agaric;
• fox;
• piglet;
• lion cub;
• gosling;
• kid;
• funnel;
• crane;
• eaglet;
• baby elephant;
• calf;
• puppet;
• chick;
• a cook
• kid;
• kangaroo;
• Stork
• a rat
• fawn;
• shooter;
• calf;
• tiger cub.

Use

The word-forming suffixes -onok / -enok in most cases are used to create masculine words denoting the names of young animals.

These affixes perform a word-building function and serve to create new words with a specific lexical meaning.

However, naming the names of baby animals is not the only function that these morphemes perform. Words with the suffixes -enok and -onok have a diminutive, derogatory, or derogatory meaning, and indicate the childishness, lack of maturity of the designated concepts. Therefore, before using a word with a given suffix, it is important not only to own the rules for writing it, but also to determine the context of the speech situation in which it will be used.

For instance.

Names of animals using a different paradigm of the word

The word-forming suffix -onok / -enok can be used to form not all names of young animals. For example, there are animal names that use a different paradigm for the word.

For instance.

Examples of names of animals for the formation of which the suffixes -onok / -enok cannot be used

There are names of animals for the designation of young which cannot be used the suffix word formation method.

For instance:

giraffe - baby giraffe, hippo - baby hippo.

There is no clear rule governing the use or non-use of these suffixes with a specific word. The main reason here is historical. Therefore, such words should simply be remembered so as to prevent further errors in word formation.

Rules for the formation of words using the suffix -e (o) nock

To determine which word with the suffix –enok or with the suffix –onok should be written in one or another case, one should be guided by the following rules.

Words with the suffix -ono- are written:

In the words-names of animals, the basis of which ends in a hissing, under stress:

bear - bear

mouse - mouse

hedgehog - hedgehog

frog - frog

Words with the suffix -enok are written:

In words based on soft consonant (with the exception of [h`]):

Word formation with suffixes -onok / -enok

To compose words with the suffix -enok, it is necessary to separate the basis of the word and, guided by the rules for the formation of new words, add the desired suffix to it. Thus, the formation scheme of the new word form looks like this:

word base + suffix -e (o) nock + ending (if necessary)

Particular attention in the formation of new words should be paid to the alternation of consonants in the source and final words.

Words with the suffix -enok: examples of words with alternating consonants at the core

It should be noted that in some cases, when words with these affixes are formed, the consonants alternate on the morpheme seam. So, alternate:

1) Post-lingual / hissing: rabbit - baby rabbit, wolf - wolf cub.

2) D / f, d '/ f: the bear is a teddy bear.

3) Paired solid consonants / paired soft: fox - fox` cat, cat - cat` kitten.

Algorithm for the formation of new words using the suffixes -enok / -onok

Thus, for the correct spelling of the word, it is necessary to observe the following sequence:

1) Select the basis of the original word.

2) Determine what the basis ends with (what consonant sound is before the suffix):

• on hissing - we write the suffix -onok;
• on soft not hissing or [h`] - we write the suffix -enok.

Use of suffixes -onok / -enok to form words that do not indicate the names of cubs of animals

In some cases, these suffixes are used to form words that do not indicate the name of the baby animal.

In such situations, this suffix may indicate a representative of a particular nation, social stratum, professionally. affiliation.

However, when using a word with a given affix in a specific speech situation, one should be aware of some neglectful meaning attached to this morpheme.

For instance:

• shepherd - shepherdess;
• man is a child;
• cook - cook;
• gypsy - gypsy;
• the beast - the beast;
• The Chinese are Chinese.

When choosing the spelling - or - in the suffix for this type of word, the same rule is used.

Declension of nouns with suffixes -onok / -enok

Forming from the source word by attaching to the base of this affix, we get a word with the suffix -enok and zero ending, or the same word form with the suffix -onok.

For instance:

• elephant - baby elephant □;
• cat - kitten □;
• jackdaw - □;
• farm laborer - farm laborer □.

When declensing nouns formed using these suffixes, the vowel “o” falls out.

For instance:

squirrel - squirrel, hedgehog - hedgehog, the devil - the devil.

Sometimes, when nouns are formed, the root vowel also falls out, so we get a word that is different in sound structure from the original word.

For instance:

• a lion, but: a lion cub;
• eagle, but: eagle.

Plural nouns with -enok / -onon suffixes

In the formation of the plural of nouns, this plural affix is ​​replaced by -at / -yat.

For instance:

• lion - lion cub - But: lion cubs, lion cubs;
• mammoth - mammoth - But: mammoths, mammoths;
• hedgehog - hedgehog - But: hedgehog, hedgehog;
• rabbit - rabbit - But: rabbits, rabbits.

When declensing words in the plural after -at / -yat, the ending of the corresponding case is used.

For instance:

This rule applies only to words denoting the names of cubs, as well as to the words honey agarics (honey agarics, honey agarics) and butterdishes (butterfish, butterfish). For other words with a given suffix, this rule does not apply.

Compare:

barrel - barrel - But: barrels, barrels.

Thus, the rule of using suffixes -onok / -enok is simple. The only problem may arise with remembering words that are not subject to word-formation rules.