Almost everyone who held a screwdriver or hammer in their hands knows what a fastener is. Any metal object that allows you to connect two parts together is suitable for this definition. This fairly large list contains screws, screws, bolts, anchors, nuts, washers and many more various hardware. All of them are widely used in industry.
Any fastener belongs to one or another group: construction, furniture, railway, automobile or general use group. Each option has its own additional divisions. The most diverse construction fixtures. This includes bolts, screws, washers ... in general, everything that we use when we do-it-yourself assemble a bookshelf or table.
All hardware must meet certain requirements. There are a large number of different standards where the specifications for fasteners are indicated. GOST 27017-86 describes the types and name of all types of hardware. And then each product has its own standard, which indicates all the requirements.
Any hardware related to hardware is made of metal. It can be brass, carbon or stainless steel. If necessary, an additional coating is applied to protect the metal from corrosion. But it is allowed to use hardware without a protective layer. Often you can see self-tapping screws or black screws - this is a phosphated or oxidized coating. Fasteners that have undergone additional galvanizing treatment look more attractive.
All construction hardware can be divided into several groups. Consider each one individually.
Metric fasteners
This group includes all types of screws, bolts, studs, nuts and washers. They serve directly for detachable connection of parts. The manufacture of fasteners provides for matching the external thread on the screw or bolt of the internal thread of the nut. Therefore, for each size has its own mate. The washer helps to additionally fix the screed.
Anchor hardware
This includes hardware that is used at high loads. This fastener is used when it is necessary to rigidly fix a building structure, for example a window or a flight of stairs. Anchor consists of two elements. The most important spacer. It is she who, changing from the loads, allows you to hold the entire structure. A separate item is a chemical anchor. This fixture is often used when installing stairs. It is based on the filling of voids with a hardening component.
Dowel fasteners
It is used for walls when it is necessary to hang a heavy object. The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole first, and then a screw is screwed. It turns out quite a rigid mount. Today dowels are made (most often) of plastic or other similar material.
Screws
This fastener differs from screws and bolts in the thread, which allows you to cut the internal thread in the parts. Widely used in construction. Available for different types of materials. Self-tapping screw for wood or giprok should not be used when working with plastic or metal.
Wood screws
They have the same principle of operation as self-tapping screws, but are used for softer materials. The rod is half coated with thread, made of less hard metal.
Rivets
Serve for one-piece connection of parts. They are used in various fields, in the manufacture of furniture and even in the railway industry.
All fasteners have their own strength class. From it you can judge where it is better to use the product. In appearance, the screws, bolts, screws and screws are very similar. They have a head of various shapes and a rod on which the thread is fully or partially applied. A screw and a self-tapping screw end with a pointed end, with the help of which the mentioned products are screwed into the material. The shape of the head can be semicircular, flat, square, hexagon, countersunk or semi-countersunk. For the convenience of screwing on the head, special slots are cut in the form of a spider or strip. Sometimes, for added protection, custom slots are made that require the use of a special tool.