Competitions runners attracted spectators in ancient Greece. It was here that the Olympic Games appeared, the program of which included running competitions at the stage. One stage was 192.27 meters.
Modern athletics provides a distance of 100 m. Sprint is popular not only among professional athletes. Running 100 meters (the norm depends on the age, gender, type of runner’s occupation) is part of the mandatory physical education program for schoolchildren, students, military personnel and everyone who cares about their own health.
Exercise characteristic
Running for a hundred meters refers to the sprint (short distances). Athletes intensively move along the treadmill, redox reactions in the body of each of them proceed without the participation of oxygen (anaerobic regimen). The speed gained at the beginning of the race is somewhat reduced at the finish.
During the run, the blood does not have time to make a large circle of blood circulation, get to the muscles of the legs. Oxygen does not enter the muscle tissue, so the body works on old reserves. The source of energy is ATP-creatine.
Sprint running stimulates the heart, develops speed and speed endurance, helps burn excess fat.
Equipment
The exercise includes four stages: start, acceleration, distance movement and finishing. Short distances are overcome from a low start, which is divided into ordinary, stretched, close and narrow. A typical start is the interval between the start line and the pads from one to two stops. For beginners, the distance is increased by the length of the leg.
If the distance from the start line to the first block is two or three feet, and from the first block to the second one and a half to two feet, then it is appropriate to talk about a prolonged start. A close start is equal to one and a half feet from the starting line and one foot to the second block. Narrow start: the distance from the first block to the second is half a stop less than the interval between the first column and the starting line. The choice of start is determined by the strength of the muscles of the athlete’s legs and the athlete’s ability to respond to the signal.
Before the start of the competition, the command “To start!” Is given. The athlete takes a place on the treadmill, rests his feet on the pads, with his hands (thumb and forefinger) - on the ground to the start line, puts a standing leg behind on his knee. The back is straight, the gaze is directed forward. The arms are straightened at the elbows, the studded socks touch the treadmill.
Having heard the command “Attention!”, The athlete lifts the pelvis and transfers the center of gravity to the hands and feet. In this position, the runner is like a compressed spring. He is waiting for the next starter command.
On the command "March!" (or at the sound of a shot), the runner simultaneously pushes his hands off the ground and his foot from the back block. In front, the standing leg is straightened after a swing of the leg, which rested on the back block. Hands move in the opposite way, although some coaches advise starting the run with the same movements. This helps to move more actively at the beginning of the distance.
Starting acceleration lasts from 15 to 30 meters. The athlete overcomes this distance by slightly tilting the body. Hand movements are energetic and sweeping. In the distance, the athlete runs with a straightened torso. Separation from the ground is performed by a bent leg, during the flight phase the hips are reduced. Hands are working vigorously against the torso. The body is relaxed, only the muscles are stressed, the action of which is necessary right now.
The athlete’s skill is to maintain running speed to the finish line, but even experienced runners overcome the last meters more slowly. To maintain speed, the number of steps, the intensity of movement of the hands increases. The distance is considered completed when the athlete touches the finish line with any part of the body. Most often this is the chest or shoulder.
So the competition takes place in the section “Running 100 meters”. The standard for a master of sports is 10.4 seconds for men and 11.6 for women.
"100" for students
Running is ideal for the harmonious development of the child. When performing cyclic movements, the cardiovascular system is trained, blood pressure is stabilized. Studies by American scientists have confirmed that it is better for students to run short distances.
As a rule, the exercise is performed from a high start. The student becomes in the starting position. At the command "Attention!" the schoolboy stops moving and demonstrates a willingness to run. You can start moving on the treadmill only with the command “March!” The first to come to the finish is the one who before others touches an imaginary plane above the finish line.
Younger schoolchildren and adolescents overcome distances of 30, 60 m, and in high school, the mandatory norm for checking speed and speed endurance is running 100 meters. Standards for students: boys - 13.8, 14.2, 15.0; girls - 16.2, 17.0, 18.0.
100 meters running in universities
It is not possible to precisely determine the standards in higher educational institutions, since universities vary in their specializations. If we are not talking about a university of physical education or a military academy, then the standard of “100 meters” (running at a university) will be about the same as for 11th grade students. 12.8 seconds for boys and 14.5 for girls are accepted to physical education departments. The military universities will enter the guys who ran the distance in 13.6 or 14.2 seconds. For girls, the time is increased to 16 and 16.6 seconds.
As training progresses, the requirements for students become more complicated, it is recommended to run 100 meters (standards for students) in non-core universities in 12.8–13.4 seconds for young men and 15.3–16.0 for women. In specialized educational institutions, the figures are somewhat different.
Standards for military personnel
It is difficult to imagine a military man without good physical shape. Weak, poorly skilled in martial arts and managing with weapons, a slowly running officer or soldier will not be able to fulfill military duty. Therefore, the physical fitness of the personnel is a subject of special concern to the leadership of the armed forces. The program for checking the physical fitness of officers includes running 100 meters. The standards for military personnel, depending on age, are 13.0–13.8 seconds “excellent”, 13.4–14.6 - “good” and 14.2–15.2 - “satisfactory”.
The main period of work
After graduating from school, secondary specialized or higher educational institution, having served in the army, the young man gets a job. At this time, someone continues to engage in recreational physical education or sports, and for some, physical activity remains in the past and a 100-meter run, standards and loads remain only in memory.
Physical education specialists and doctors believe that it’s better to continue to exercise, since exercises have a beneficial effect on the heart, respiratory system, promote endurance, and provide strength for experiencing difficulties and solving problems.
Far from the last role in maintaining shape plays a hundred meter run. Daily jogging even helps to lose weight, but before starting classes you need to consult a doctor.
Is it worth it to those who are engaged in recreational physical education to be guided by standards? It is difficult to answer unequivocally, because each person is an individual. To some, the rules will seem too light, and someone will earn complexes due to the fact that its results do not coincide with the standard. Therefore, running 100 meters, the standards of which are quite high, should be carried out according to a single rule: let tomorrow's results be better than today's. You should focus on yourself and your health, and not on average indicators.
Nevertheless, the standards should be known, at least for self-education. It will not be superfluous to find out for what achievements sports ranks and titles are assigned. So, the standards for running 100 meters (men):
- 3 category: 12.94;
- 2 category: 12.04;
- 1st category: 11.44.
The 100-meter running standard for women also depends on their qualifications:
- 3 category: 15.04;
- 2 category: 14.04;
- 1st category: 13.24.
World records
The first world record in the “hundred-meter” was set in 1912 by Don Lippincott, who covered the distance in 10.6 seconds. Later, Kelvin Smiesz (9.93), Karl Lewis (9.92), Lera Barell (9.9), Usain Bolt (9.69) became champions.
In 1988, Florence Delores Griffith became the world record holder for women, having run 100 meters in 10.49 seconds. Prior to this, Evelyn Ashford was the best, but her results were 0.27 seconds lower.
Contraindications for jogging
Running strengthens health, but such activities are not suitable for everyone. So, jogging, regardless of the length of the distance, is contraindicated to everyone who suffers from cardiovascular diseases (chronic failure, defects), hypertension. Also, people with spinal diseases and chronic diseases in the acute stage do not go on the treadmill.
Healthy citizens during running need to monitor their health and regulate the load. It is better if the classes will be held under the guidance of an experienced instructor.