We have a rich language that is so powerful and flexible that it can literally express everything. In its greatness, it is not inferior to any language of the world. He is constantly improving, at the same time having a rich foundation and linguistic traditions. It is valuable and self-sufficient, is the history of the people, reflects the culture. The language must be protected and studied, this should become a necessity for every Russian person. The greatness and richness of the language are reflected in books, especially those related to classical literature, or in dictionaries and reference books reflecting norms. And of course, we must know and remember those great scientists who laid the foundation of our mother tongue.
Linguistics
Language studies are carried out by linguistics. She considers the main function of the language as a means of communication, its historical development and patterns. Linguistics explores linguistic theory: what is the system of language, how linguistic units look , what is the nature of grammatical categories, etc.
Science observes the facts of speech, perceives native speakers, linguistic phenomena, linguistic material.
Linguistics is closely connected with other sciences: history, archeology, ethnography, psychology, philosophy. This is because language accompanies us everywhere, in all areas of life.
In any science, key individuals stand out. Speaking of linguistics, one can name the following names: Victor Vinogradov, Baudouin de Courtenay, Leo Shcherba and many others. We also call the name of our Russian scientist Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov, to whom this article will be devoted.
Famous linguist
Sergey Ozhegov, who graduated from the gymnasium in the Tver province, then the philological faculty of Leningrad University, who participated in the battles in the territory of the Ukrainian company during the Civil War, who completed post-graduate studies and taught at many Moscow universities, is now better known as the author-compiler of the dictionary, which we still use this day. Collection of Russian words S.I. Ozhegova is the result of the colossal work of the scientist. It contains all the modern common vocabulary, shows cases of word compatibility and the most common phraseological units. This work was the basis of many translated collections of Russian words.
Ozhegov about language
Sergey Ozhegov spoke a lot about simplifying Russian spelling. The author’s quotes also contained his suggestions for improving the stereotyped edition of the dictionary published in 1964. Ozhegov said that it is necessary to add new words to the collection, which have appeared recently in Russian. It is also necessary to revise phraseological units, to rethink the concepts of some new words. And of course, we must pay attention to the norms of use and pronunciation of the Russian language.
Another statement by S.I. Ozhegova about the language concerns the accuracy of usage. The scientist spoke of a high culture of speech, which consists in the ability to find a intelligible, relevant word for expressing one's thoughts.
The dictionary of this Russian linguist has become a popular reference publication. Sergey Ozhegov himself joked about this. His citations emphasize the need for this collection: the number of published dictionary books is not inferior to the number of published works of the classics of Marxism-Leninism.
life and creation
The surname of a famous linguist has Siberian roots. It is based on the word “burn”, they called it a stick to test the readiness of molten metal for casting.
Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich, talking about his biography, always mentioned the fact that their name comes from the Demidov serfs. In the family of his grandfather, who worked for more than fifty years at the Yekaterinburg smelter, there were fourteen children, and all subsequently had higher education.
Sergey Ozhegov was born into the family of a mining engineer and midwife at a factory hospital in late September 1900. Its small homeland is the village of Kamennoye in the past of the Tver province.
The craving for knowledge inherent in their surname was manifested in the fact that, having entered a higher educational institution, Sergey Ivanovich Ozhegov was forced to drop out of school and go to the front. But, having returned from the front, in the 1920s he nevertheless graduated from Leningrad University. His teachers were the well-known linguists V.V. Vinogradov and L.V. Shcherba. Sergey Ozhegov immediately entered the circle of Leningrad scientists, then he met with his Moscow colleagues and gained fame there.
Since 1952 S.I. Ozhegov was the head of the verbal department at the USSR Academy of Sciences. Scientific activity is reflected in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, whose editor in chief was D.N. Ushakov. The development team included Ozhegov. Ozhegov’s merit is also the authorship of the Dictionary of the Russian Language.
Friendship with famous linguists
At that time, linguists V.V. were widely known in Leningrad. Vinogradov and D.I. Ushakov. Ozhegov Sergey Ivanovich, a linguist whose career is successfully developing here, adjoins them, since he is part of the group working on the four-volume edition of D.I. Ushakova.
More than thirty percent of the dictionary entries in this collection belong to S.I. Ozhegov. Also at this time, there is an active collection of materials for the "Dictionary of plays by A.N. Ostrovsky."
In addition, the young linguist is friends with the famous scientist A. Reformed, who later becomes the author of the classic textbook on linguistics.
The main work of Ozhegov
Working on material for the collection of D.I. Ushakova, Sergei Ozhegov set about the idea of creating a dictionary for wide use. Work on this collection began before the war against the Nazis. Ozhegov believed in the power of the Red Army, which would not allow the Germans to Moscow, so he stayed in the city. He gave all this difficult wartime to his brainchild. Co-authors of the dictionary were Moscow linguists G. Vinokur and V. Petrosyan. But gradually they left work, and S.I. Almost one of Ozhegov did all the work.
Until the last, Sergey Ozhegov continued to work. The dictionary of the Russian language is constantly being finalized by him, its construction has been improved. The author accepted the language as an ever-changing living phenomenon. He enjoyed watching the changes taking place in the language.
There are a number of well-known facts that complement knowledge of S.I. Ozhegove and his dictionary:
- many pronounced the surname of the linguist incorrectly, emphasizing the second syllable;
- censorship initially did not miss the word "mistress", seeing in it a lecherous meaning;
- Church vocabulary, such words as “lay”, “iconostasis” did not suit censorship;
- the word "Leningrader" was introduced artificially during the reissue of the dictionary so that the words "sloth" and "Leninist" would not be nearby;
- the interpretation of the word “rape” in Ozhegov’s dictionary helped one guy get out of prison because his actions did not fall under rape;
- there are six editions of the Ozhegov dictionary published during his lifetime;
- recently, a student S.I. has been working on a dictionary Ozhegova N.Yu Shvedov; the heirs of the famous linguist do not like some of the principles of her work.
Ozhegov family
Sergey Ozhegov experienced a lot in his life, his family went through a lot of complex, dramatic events characteristic of the Russian intelligentsia.
His father, an engineer at the paper mill Kuvshinova, received a four-room apartment, where the local intelligentsia often gathered. The village was advanced: innovations were constantly introduced at the factory, a school, People’s House, and a hospital were built. In the latter, mother Ozhegova worked as a midwife. In addition to Sergei, the eldest, their family had two more sons. The middle one became an architect, the youngest a railwayman.
In 1909, the Ozhegovs moved to St. Petersburg. Here Sergey went to a gymnasium, enrolled in a chess club and a sports society. Having successfully graduated from high school, he entered a higher educational institution, but the war prevented education.
Nevertheless, after the war, he still graduated from the university. Before receiving a diploma, Sergey Ozhegov married a student from the philology department. Her father was a priest, a great self-taught musician playing classical and folk music.
Ozhegov was a very sociable person. Friendly companies always gathered in his house, and a welcoming atmosphere reigned.
Ozhegov’s wife was a magnificent hostess, they lived together for about forty years, raised a son.
During the war, the Ozhegov Moscow family moved to Tashkent, but almost all of the scientist's Leningrad relatives could not endure the blockade. Remained a niece. A five-year-old girl was sent to an orphanage, later S.I. Ozhegov found and adopted her.
Merit Ozhegova
Sergey Ozhegov did a lot for Russian linguistics, whose contribution to the Russian language is very great. He is the author and compiler of many dictionaries and reference books. S.I. Ozhegov is known as a member of the Commission of the Moscow Soviet, deputy chairman of the commission of the Academy of Sciences, scientific consultant, teacher at the university.
Scientific works of Ozhegov
The main scientific works of S.I. Ozhegova reflect questions of Russian lexicology and lexicography. He worked a lot on the history of the Russian language, studied sociolinguistics, the culture of Russian speech. Also, Ozhegov Sergey, a linguist, made a great contribution to the study of the language of individual writers (I.A. Krylova, A.N. Ostrovsky , etc.). He worked hard on the normativity of the Russian language: he was the editor of various dictionaries, reference books and language collections.