Oil fields in Russia are special economic entities. Many of them are located in very remote regions. This greatly complicates their development. Many oil fields in Russia were discovered in the 50s of the last century. Some of them have become important centers for the extraction of raw materials.
Yamburg gas field: geographical location
It is located on the Taz Peninsula, in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The nearest settlement is the Yamburg guard community. It was built to accommodate staff involved in the design and construction of the pool. The Yamburgskoye field is 120 km from the regional center - the village of Tazovsky. From the district center to Salekhard, the distance in a straight line is 520 km, and to Tyumen - 1300 km. Nadym is 285 km away, and Novy Urengoy is 225 km away.
Transport network
Russian industry is an important economic sector. In this regard, uninterrupted communication with sources of raw materials for enterprises should be established. Cargo delivery to the largest natural gas fields is carried out by rail, road or air. Depending on the geographical location, the message may be water. Cargo is delivered to the Yamburgskoye field via the railway from Novy Urengoy to the Yamburg station. There is also a highway. During the navigation period, transportation is carried out along the Taz and Ob lips. The gas condensate field also has a developed internal road network. They connect plants for the integrated preparation of raw materials (UKPG). Year-round, cargo is delivered to the Yamburgskoye field by helicopters. In the cold season, winter roads also operate. Not only goods are transported along them, but also equipment on all-terrain vehicles and tractors. Gas is transported by the Yamburg-Center trunk pipeline system, and a corresponding condensate pipeline to Urengoy has been built to move condensate.
Terrain features
The Yamburgskoye field is located in a sparsely populated area. The territory is mainly inhabited by Nenets, Russians and Khanty. Basically, the local population is engaged in fishing, reindeer husbandry, hunting, and animal husbandry. Some of the residents involved in the extraction and exploration of raw materials. The territory is a plain with small hills and a general slope from south to northeast. The terrain is characterized by significant erosion dismemberment.
Hydrographic network
It is represented by the rivers Hadutte and Poelawayah. They flow into the Taz Bay. In addition, many tributaries flow through the area. The rivers are not navigable, have a width of up to one hundred meters and a flow velocity of 0.5 to 1 m / s. In the first half of June, they open from the ice, in October, freezing begins. By November, the rivers become suitable for the movement of tracked vehicles. At the interfluve, the soil is very boggy. The area where the Yamburgskoye field is located is characterized by a significant graininess of spaces and the presence of old lakes along river valleys. The maximum depth of water bodies is 0.5-5.6 m.
Geology
The territory is characterized by continuous development of Quaternary sediments. They are represented by sands of different granularity, in rare areas - coarse rocks. Sandy-loamy sediments are also found here. Fine-grained sands, which are characterized by an insignificant presence of clay material and high filtering ability due to this, are used in the construction of embankments and the underlying layer of highways.
Study area
West Siberian territories began to be actively studied in the 50s. last century. Until that moment, Russian industry did not make large bets on geophysical work. In this regard, the latter were very random in nature. Accordingly, the measures did not give a serious result that would allow us to assess the prospects of oil and gas potential. In the early 1950s, special organizations were created in Tyumen, Tomsk, and Novosibirsk, whose tasks included a detailed study of the West Siberian territory. In 1949-53 An aeromagnetic survey was carried out on a scale of 1: 1 000 000. Based on its results, experts conducted regionalization of the area. In 1952-54 institutes NIIIGA and VSEGEI performed more significant in terms of results and volume of research. Based on the materials of geological and geomorphological surveys, quaternary sediment stratigraphy was developed, and data on the permafrost distribution features were obtained.
Field development
In 1959 in the village. Tazovsky drilled a 538-meter core well. Based on the results of her research, information was obtained on the lithology of Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary sediments. In 1963, the Yamburg structure was first identified on the tectonic pattern. It was revealed according to the interpretation of anomalies in magnetic and gravitational fields. From 1965 to 1971, seismic surveys were carried out in the area. In accordance with their results, the discovered uplift passed into the identified status and was called Yamburgsky. Further, preparatory measures for deep drilling were carried out. The first exploratory well was laid in the drive section. Drilling began on July 27, 1969.
First volumes
During testing of the Cenomanian deposits, a gas fountain was obtained with a flow rate of 2015 thousand cubic meters per day. The first well thus marked the opening of the pool. From 1969 to 1973, 21 wells were drilled at the Yamburgskoye field. Based on the results, reserves in the Cenomanian deposits were calculated and approved. Their number amounted to 2810.4 billion cubic meters in category C2. Based on the results of the study and drilling of additional wells, a secondary recount was carried out. In 1979, the indicators were approved in the amount of 3298.7 billion cubic meters in categories C1 + B, as well as 260 billion cubic meters in C2. The South Yamburg dome and the northern low-amplitude uplift did not remain fully understood. The next recount was carried out on February 1, 1983. It was based on drilling data from 67 wells. Based on the information received, a development project was drawn up. Along with this, at the depth of 2.5-3.3 thousand meters, 7 extensive gas condensate deposits were discovered. Their total gas reserve was estimated at 1,193 billion cubic meters in the C1 + B categories, 585 billion cubic meters in C2, and condensate at 102 and 50 million tons, respectively.
Vegetation
The Yamburgskoye field is located in the tundra zone. The territory is characterized by almost continuous and widespread distribution of perennial frozen rocks. The depth of their roof ranges from 0.3-1.5 m. In the river valleys, their surface deepens to 2-5 m and below. The sole of permafrost lies at a depth of 318-465 m, in a larger area - at 400-450 m. Mostly the territory is covered with lichens and mosses. Shrubbery can be found along the river banks.
Climate
Winter is harsh and long enough, and summer is short. In cold weather, frequent snowstorms and winds. The most difficult climate month is January. During this period, frosts can reach -50 ... -58 degrees. The average monthly temperature is -27 degrees. In the lowering of the relief, the snow cover has a thickness of up to 2 m, and on the watersheds it is 0.6-0.8 meters. August is considered the warmest. On some days at this time, the temperature may rise to + 28 ... +30 degrees. During the period of the invasion of Arctic air flows in July-August, there may be -5 .... -6 degrees.
additional information
In the northeastern part of the Taz Peninsula is located the Vork-Yakhsky site. On it discovered deposits of brick-expanded clay clays. This raw material is suitable for the production of ordinary clay bricks, as well as expanded clay gravel. According to estimates, the reserves of this section are within 225 million m. Deposits of construction sand were discovered in the southeast direction from the Yamburgskoye field. Its reserves are estimated at more than 1 billion cubic meters. A sand deposit is located in the middle reaches of the Hadutte River and is called the Khaduttinsky.