In this article, we will consider the spelling of negative particles "neither" and "neither", give examples of their use and trace the semantic dependence of the position of the particles in the sentence.
Particle concept
Before proceeding with the explanation of the spelling of negative particles of “neither” and “neither”, we will analyze the very concept of a particle. It is the official part of speech, which introduces various semantic and emotional shades into the text and serves to form new forms of the word.
Strengthening, clarification, limitation, indication, negation - these are all additional semantic nuances.
How to use "not": examples
Let us consider in detail how negative particles of "neither" and "neither" can be used.
They denote the negation of an action, an object, etc. But, despite the fact that both particles fulfill the function of negation in a sentence, their use differs significantly from each other. Let's take a closer look at when the "not" particle is written, and when the "neither" particle.
"Not" can be used in four cases. Firstly, as the main negation of the word to which it refers in meaning. The “not” particle can be used to give negation to only one member of the sentence:
- My sister will not come today.
- This meeting will not take place today.
Secondly, let us pay attention to the fact that the particle “not” can be used in the sentence twice, and once in combination with the verb “be able”, then the meaning of what is said takes on a positive meaning. Consider the following examples:
- I can not answer this letter.
- A friend today cannot help but come to me.
- You can't help but watch this TV show.
Thirdly, the negative particle “not” is in conjunction with the following words: hardly, not at all, almost, almost . We also give examples:
- Almost the entire grain supply remained in the hangar .
Fourth, the negative particle “not” can be found in exclamatory and interrogative sentences, which are read from adverbs, pronouns, particles ( where only not, if not, who is not):
- Where only her things were not scattered!
- Who does not know this news?
- Who has not heard of this?
- Where did he just go!
How to use "neither": examples
Now consider the use of a negative particle "neither". It can be used in three cases.
The negative particle "ni" is primarily used to reinforce negation, as well as in complex sentences with a concessive connotation of meaning, in order to strengthen the meaning of what was said if there is "not" in the sentence. Here's how the ni particle applies, examples:
- There is not a soul around.
- No matter how you look at the sea, it will never get bored .
Also, the particle "ni" is part of stable combinations of words:
- neither give nor take;
- neither hearing nor spirit;
- break a leg;
- Don `t move;
- neither light nor dawn .
In addition, it is used to strengthen statements in combination with pronouns, adverbs ( no matter who, no matter where, no matter where , etc.). Consider examples of how the particle "ni" is used in these cases:
- Wherever you look, peonies bloom everywhere.
- Whoever looks at my work, everyone will admire.
- Wherever I go, I meet friends everywhere.
Spelling "neither" and "neither": examples
The article outlined the rules for using negative particles, which, of course, you need to know, but you also need to parse the spelling of the particles "neither" and "neither".
When writing, very often questions arise - what particle to apply in this or that case? What is the distinction between "not" and "neither" particles? Try to understand how important they are in speech, how the meaning of what was said from their incorrect spelling changes.
The fact is that in an unstressed position the negative particles “neither” and “neither” coincide in pronunciation, which can lead to spelling errors. Therefore, it is necessary, based on the context, to distinguish them by value. Consider the simplest and most effective way. If, while reading the sentence, the particle is omitted and the meaning of the sentence is reversed, then the “not” particle is written:
- Sergey did not learn lessons (Sergey learned lessons).
- Today I did not manage to do my homework (Today I managed to do my homework).
A particle “neither” is written in the case when, in its absence, the meaning of what has been said does not change. We give the following examples:
- Neither mountains nor rivers will stop me (Mountains, rivers will not stop me).
The value of the position of particles in the sentence
And now we will give an example of how in the same sentence, for a different position of the particle, the meaning of what is said does NOT change:
- You have not been to the National Museum.
- You were not at the National Museum.
- You were not at the National Museum.
In the first case, the “not” particle faces the predicate, and the whole sentence is negative. And in the second and third cases, only one fact is denied, and in general the proposal remains in the affirmative.
Particle and Unions: Examples
In addition, the particle “not” is part of alliances and allied words. By the way, it is written separately as part of repeating and double alliances. For instance:
- Our family reigned not so much as stinginess, but some kind of special frugality.
And the particle “ni” is written in negative adverbs and pronouns in an unstressed position together ( nowhere, none, nobody, nowhere ). Here is an example:
- Nothing hides a person like his dream.
- There is nobody in the garden (no one ).
In addition to the foregoing, we draw the following conclusions, firstly, the particles described can be used in front of any members of the sentence, including homogeneous members. Secondly, the particles “not” and “neither” are used in sentences of any structure, that is, in simple and complex ones. Here are some examples:
- No traveler can walk past the life-giving spring so as not to stop, not to fall into icy water.
- Springs are needed not only for people, but also for animals.
- Neither in rivers nor in lakes is there such pure and tasty water as in springs.