The participles and participles in the English language, unlike the same constructions in Russian, do not have such obvious differences. For their expression, special forms of the verb are used - Present Participle ( present participle) and Past Participle ( past participle).
Present participle formation
The table below shows examples. To form the present participle from the verb, you must add the -ing ending to it.
| Verb | Verb translation | Present participle / participle | Translation (as a participle) | Translation (as a participle) |
| Run | To run | Running | Running, running, running, running | Running |
| Read | To read | Reading | Reading, reading, reading, reading | By reading |
| Sing | Sing | Singing | Singing, singing, singing, singing | Singing |
| Jump | Jump | Jumping | Bouncing, bouncing, bouncing, bouncing | Bouncing |
| Swim | To swim | Swimming | Floating, floating, floating, floating | Swimming |
| Walk | Walk | Walking | Walking, Walking, Walking, Walking | Taking a walk |
| Listen | Listen | Listening | Listening, Listening, Listening, Listening | Listening to |
| Open | Open | Opening | Opening, opening, opening, opening | Discovering |
| Wait | Wait | Waiting | Waiting, waiting, waiting, waiting | Awaiting |
As the above examples show, this simple grammatical construction in English is able to replace several in Russian at once.
Communion with the participle of the present
How can I translate the participle into English using Present Participle? Below are a few examples.
| Example | Transfer |
| The kids playing next to me are laughing loudly | Children playing near me laugh out loud |
| The girl sitting in front of by best friend is extremely cute and lovely | The girl sitting opposite my best friend is incredibly cute and attractive. |
| You will find my brother at the library reading a newspaper or an improving book | You will find my brother sitting in the library and reading a newspaper or developmental book. |
| People like to hear him talking about human rights and gender equality | People like to listen to him, talking about human rights and equality between men and women. |
| The guy running away from a scary hound is my younger brother | A boy running away from a scary hunting dog is my little brother |
Communion with the participle of the present
Another very useful feature of Present Participle is the formation of participles in the English language. Examples of such revolutions are as follows.
| Example | Transfer |
| He was telling this story laughing and joking | He told this story, laughing and joking. |
| When walking down the street they observed a crowd of weird people dressed up in emerald-green cloaks | Walking along the street, they noticed a crowd of strange people dressed in emerald green cloaks |
| Having dinner with my father, don't forget not to mention your job, or he will never let me see you again | Having dinner with my father, remember: do not mention your work, otherwise he will never let us see each other again |
| Asking him for help, remember to be polite | Asking him for help, do not forget about politeness |
| He couldn't tell about his weekend without swearing | He could not talk about how he spent the weekend without cursing |
Past participle formation
The past participle in English for regular verbs is formed by adding the ending -ed. Below are examples.
| Verb | Transfer | Past participle | Translation (as a participle) | Translation (as a participle) |
| Enter | Enter | Entered | Entered, entered, entered, entered | Coming in |
| Decide | Solve | Decided | Solved, Solved, Solved, Solved | Having decided |
| Create | Create | Created | Created, Created, Created, Created | By creating |
| Invent | Invent | Invented | Invented, Invented, Invented, Invented | Inventing |
| Prepare | Prepare | Prepared | Cooked, cooked, cooked, cooked | Having cooked |
The Past Participle form for irregular verbs can be found in the third column in the list of these verbs. It is impossible to deduce it, but to memorize it is quite real. Here are some examples.
| Verb | Transfer | Past participle | Translation (as a participle) | Translation (as a participle) |
| Bring | Bring | Brought | Brought, brought, brought, brought | Bringing |
| Buy | Buy | Bought | Bought, Bought, Bought, Bought | By buying |
| Begin | To begin | Begun | Started, started, started, started | Starting |
| Put | Put | Put | Laid, laid, laid, laid | Putting |
| Pay | To pay | Paid | Paid, Paid, Paid, Paid | By paying |
Guided by this algorithm, you can easily select your own examples of past participles in English.
Communion with past participle
What are some examples? This design is as follows.
| Example | Transfer |
| The car stolen yesterday hasn't been found yet | A car stolen yesterday has not yet been found |
| The book taken from the library two days ago is already returned | A book taken from the library two days ago has already been returned |
| The vase broken by children wasn't too expensive | Vase, sorted by children, was not too expensive |
| The book read by me this week was extremely interesting | The book I read this weekend was incredibly interesting. |
| The guy invited to the party didn't come | The guy invited to the party did not come |
Participle with past participle
To formulate such a participle circulation in English is possible by analogy with any of the following examples.
| Example | Transfer |
| Finished the work, she decided to go home as fast as she could | After finishing work, she decided to go home as fast as she could |
| Called yesterday in the middle of the night, she asked me to come | Calling me in the middle of the night yesterday, she asked me to come |
| Helped himself, he started to help others | Taking care of himself, he began to help others. |
| Bought a lot of candies, we felt happy and successful | Having bought a lot of sweets, we felt happy and successful. |
| Found someone's purse, my friend returned it to its owner | Finding someone's wallet, my friend returned it to its owner |
There is a rule: adverbial sentences in English are not separated by commas. Despite the fact that intonation requires a pause, English punctuation here is significantly different from Russian.
Finally
The participial and participial sentences in the English language are formed in two ways, quite similar to each other. This is an easy algorithm, and it is easy to master if you analyze and identify the pattern between the corresponding visual examples.