Small hydropower is an environmentally friendly, safe way to generate electricity. A lot of stations of this type have been built in our country. For example, near the city of Dubna, Moscow Region, the Ivankovskaya Hydroelectric Power Station is part of the Volga-Kama Cascade.
Where is located
This hydroelectric power station is located about 120 km north of Moscow on the banks of the Volga at the confluence of the right tributary of Dubna. It got its name from a small town near which Ivankovo ​​was once built. In the 60s of the last century, this village became part of the overgrown city of Dubna near Moscow.
Construction history
June 15, 1932 the government of the USSR decided to build a canal named after Moscow. The population of the capital at that time was growing very rapidly. As a result, a shortage of water began to be felt in the city. The new artificial waterway, according to the engineers, was supposed to connect the Volga and Moscow.
In addition, during the construction of the canal, 7 small hydroelectric power plants were erected, one of which was Ivankovskaya. They began to build this hydroelectric station in 1932. In 1937 the first unit of the station was launched. In 1938, the second turbine began to operate.
They built this station, like many other important industrial facilities of the country, while political prisoners. They blocked the channel with a dam, and the floodplain with a dam. In the city of Dubna, a small stone was erected next to the parking lot in memory of the station’s builders in 2013. It consists of two halves - marble and granite. Both of them used to be part of the monument to Stalin. This monument was demolished in Dubna in 1961.
At the beginning of the Second World War - in the fall of 1941 - the equipment of the Ivankovo ​​hydroelectric station was dismantled and evacuated. In November 1941, the Germans tried to force the Moscow Sea on ice. However, the staff of the Ivankovo ​​station managed to discharge water. As a result, the reservoir level dropped and the ice began to burst. The passage to Moscow of the heavy equipment of the Nazis became impossible.
After the Germans were pushed back from the capital, the hydraulic units of the Ivankovo ​​station were returned to their place. Currently, obsolete equipment of this hydroelectric power station is being modernized. For 2018, for example, power transformers, generator excitation systems, switchgears were replaced here.
Ivankovskaya hydroelectric station: station design
This object is a low-pressure channel station. Its waterworks includes:
an earthen channel dam from reclaimed sand 300 m long and a maximum height of 22.5 m;
a bulk earthen dam (left bank) 9135 km long and 12.2 m high;
an eight-span concrete dam with a maximum height of 30 m and a length of 219.5 m;
single-chamber single-line shipping lock.
A highway has been laid along the hydraulic structures of the Ivankovo ​​hydroelectric station, like many others in the country.
In the building of the same hydroelectric station (semi-open type) are located:
The pressure structures of the station form the Ivankovo ​​reservoir, in the common people called the Moscow Sea. This station supplies power through the 110 kV outdoor switchgear.
Power generation
Next, we consider what the main characteristics of the Ivankovskaya hydroelectric station differ. The maximum capacity of this power plant is 28.8 MW. This hydroelectric power station delivers 25 MW. On average, about 119 million kWh of electricity is generated annually at this facility.
The design head of the station’s turbines is 12.5 m. In 1940, on the channel named after Moscow was built Uglich hydroelectric station. After that, the actual pressure of water at the hydroelectric station in Dubna was 11.5 m.
Economic value of the Ivankovo ​​hydroelectric station
The main functions of the canal are to provide water to the capital and the flooding of the Moscow river. It works here including several large pumping stations. They mainly receive electricity from the Ivankovskaya hydroelectric power station. Pumping stations supply water to the canal up to 100-120 m 3 / s. Also, this hydroelectric power station produces electricity for some industrial enterprises of the capital.
The water supplied from the Moscow Sea to the canal ensures adequate water supply to the city and river navigation. For the entire time of its existence, the Ivankovskaya hydroelectric power station generated almost 10 billion kW / h. Agree, this is solid!
In the Soviet years, the channel to them. Moscow went a lot of passenger ships. People could travel along this waterway along the routes to Astrakhan, Yaroslavl, Rostov-on-Don. With the collapse of the country, subsidization of local ports was discontinued. Currently, only tourist cruise ships run on the Moscow Canal. Also, building materials, gypsum, sand, various oversized cargoes are transported through this waterway.
Observation Decks
Guests and residents of the city of Dubna near Moscow, among other things, can look at the spillway at the hydroelectric power station. Observation platforms are equipped on the towers of both hydraulic units of the station. Ivankovskaya hydroelectric station - the object is actually interesting. And therefore it is necessary to go here on an excursion. Moreover, you can visit the observation deck of the station, as well as take pictures here at any time of the day or night for free. The views from here, judging by the reviews of tourists, are actually really magnificent.
Reservoir
Ivankovskaya station is the first hydroelectric power station of the Volga-Kama Canal. The dam formed by it is located on the territory of the Moscow and Tver regions. During the Volga, the Ivankovo ​​reservoir is the second after the Upper Volga. Its surface area is 316 km 2 , the total capacity is 1120 million m 3 , and the normal retaining level is 123.89 m. The annual possible water intake from the Moscow Sea may be 1 billion m 3 .
Being one of the largest reservoirs in the country, Ivankovskoe is notable for its shallow water. The depth of some of its water areas does not exceed 2 m. The length of this reservoir is approximately 120 km, the width is 4 km. The average depth of the Moscow Sea is 4 m, the maximum is 19 m.
From Dubna to Tver, this reservoir is currently navigable. From its bottom, sand and gravel mixtures are being mined in some places. Also, this artificial sea is visited annually by thousands of people for the purpose of recreation and fishing. On the shore of the reservoir and on its islands, there are many tourist centers and sports and recreation complexes.
Flooded settlements
After the construction of the Ivankovskaya hydroelectric station, more than 100 villages, as well as the county town of Korchev, were under water. A small part of the working village of Konakovo was flooded. About 50 thousand people were resettled from the flood zone in the 30s of the last century before the construction of the hydroelectric power station.
Before the construction of the hydroelectric station on the site of the future reservoir, it was also necessary to carry out large-scale forest treatment, remove cattle cemeteries, and carry out a large number of structures and communications. After the construction of the station in these places, of course, large areas of arable land and hayfields were flooded.