In the Russian language a number of sections are distinguished, such as phonetics, graphics and spelling, vocabulary and phraseology, morphology, syntax. Each of them studies a certain level of language, its features and functioning.
The most interesting section of linguistics
Lexicology and phraseology are rightfully considered one of the most interesting sections of linguistics. It attracts scientists, and students, and even schoolchildren.
So what does vocabulary and phraseology study ? This section of linguistics reveals the vocabulary of the language, the functioning and history of the occurrence of certain lexemes, as well as phraseological units, their meaning, types and characteristics of use in speech. Next, we will consider each of the subsections.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary is the vocabulary of a language. His study is engaged in such a science as lexicology. It examines the origin of words, their use and functioning, as well as historical changes in the vocabulary of a particular language. Let us consider in more detail about what vocabulary and phraseology studies .
In the section "lexicology" is studied:
- The meaning of the word is direct and figurative.
- The origin of the words is originally Russian, borrowed.
- Groups of words on functioning in speech: historicisms, archaisms, neologisms.
- Words on the field of use: common, professionalism, dialectologisms, jargon.
- As well as antonyms, homonyms, synonyms and paronyms, their use in speech.
Phraseology
Phraseology is a section of linguistics that studies stable and indivisible phrases that have their special meaning.
Structurally, phraseological units can consist of either a single sentence (for example, the well-known expression “when the cancer hangs on the mountain”), or act as a phrase (for example, “sit down in a galosh”).
Phraseologisms, like words, can be ambiguous, enter into synonymous or antonymic relationships. People who are interested in the question of what vocabulary and phraseology studies need to remember that linguists pay attention to the history of the emergence of certain stable phrases, and also consider ways of their penetration into the Russian language.
Lexicography
Another important issue to consider is lexicography. This section of linguistics collects lexical material and its subsequent fixation in dictionaries.
Those who are interested in the question of studying vocabulary and phraseology in Russian, what is the history of words and phraseological units, what they mean, it will be useful to work with the following dictionaries:
- Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, compiled by V. Dahl.
- Dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegova.
- Etymology and history of the words of the Russian language.
- Dictionary of youth slang.
- Dictionary of Russian phraseology A.K. Birih.
In them you can find a lot of interesting things about the composition of the Russian language, the origin of words and idioms.
Studying at school
A lot of attention is paid to this discipline in the school course of the Russian language and literature. At the end of the fifth grade, less often - at the beginning of the sixth, students are told that they are studying vocabulary and phraseology, with examples, they are asked to work with dictionaries, to complete simple tasks. As a rule, teachers give the task to establish a correspondence between a word and its meaning, choose synonyms or antonyms, find out the meaning of homonyms and paronyms, find the meaning of this or that phraseology among the proposed options, and establish the history of its origin.
All this significantly expands the vocabulary of children, teaches them to work with vocabulary of their native language.
At a later age, a class in the tenth, the children again return to the question of what vocabulary and phraseology are studying, recall the material that was previously passed and fix it with the help of various tasks. Successful mastering of this section in the future helps to pass the exam. The knowledge gained is especially useful when writing an essay or essay.
University study
As for studying in higher education, the vocabulary and phraseology of the Russian language are considered only at the philological faculties. Often this topic is given a whole semester, during which students thoroughly study the language system at a given level, the history of the origin of words and phraseologisms, methods and techniques for working with them, and classifications. Also, during the training, they get used to working with dictionaries and reference books, compiling thesauri, translating and editing texts containing various types of vocabulary.
The issue of stylistic use of words related to a particular lexical group is also being studied. The knowledge gained is consolidated in a course called "style."
conclusions
So, what is being studied in vocabulary and phraseology. First of all, the lexical composition of the language, the functioning and origin of words and idioms in it, the use of different styles in texts, as well as the features of the translation of phraseological units and special vocabulary.