In the Russian language, a phenomenon such as alternation in the main morpheme is often found. This article will focus on the alternation of the root “e” and “and”. We will analyze the rule and features, give examples and exceptions.
Alternating roots. What is it?
When changing the form of lexical units within the main morpheme, both consonants and vowels can often change. So, for example, run - run, say - I will say. Here we observe the alternation of consonants. The following examples: freeze - freeze, position - position. These words are distinguished by alternating vowels. This phenomenon is due to the following reasons: whether the root is stressed or unstressed, whether a suffix is present, what exactly is the meaning inherent in the main morpheme, etc.
Alternation in the root of "e" and "and." The rule
In a number of major morphemes in an unstressed position, both “e” and “and” are used. This means that in lexical units there is an alternation in the root of "e" and "and." What does it depend on? The spelling of a letter behind the main morpheme affects the spelling of a letter. So, if the suffix is present, then the vowel “and” is written in the root. If it is absent, then you should write "e". We study in detail a few examples.
"Wipe". When analyzing the composition, select the “shooting gallery” root. It is followed by the suffix “a”. Thus, in the main morpheme it is required to write “and” (“shooting gallery”). Second example: wipe. The main morpheme is “ter,” followed by the suffix “e” (not “a”). Therefore, in the root it is necessary to write "e" (ter).
Consider another pair of steles / steels. As examples, we use the words “spread” and “spread”. In the first variant, it is necessary to write “e”, because in the lexical unit there is no “a” (suffix), in the second case - “and”, since “a” is present.
The alternation of "e" / "and" in the root of the word. Examples
Lexical units with the above basic morphemes are common. In speech, one can often find roots with alternating “e” / “and”. Examples of similar lexical units are given below.
- The main morphemes are ber / bir.
To select, to take, to collect, to climb, to get, to select, to collect, to select, to sort out, to get together, to clean, to take apart, to get through, selectivity, proceedings, to assemble, to sort it out, to choose, to get out, to take away, to pick up, you will get, confusion, etc.
- The main morphemes of “measures” / “peace”.
To die, dying, to die, to die, dying, fading, to die, dead, extinct, etc.
- The main morphemes "ter" / "shooting gallery".
Wipe, rub, rub, rub, wash, wash, rub, rub, rub, rub, rub, rub, rub, rub, rub, rub, rub, etc.
- The main morphemes are der / deer.
Bullseed, tore off, tore off, tore up, to scrub, tore off, tore off, to pull, tore off, tore off, etc.
- The main morphemes "per" / "feast".
Lock, prop, push, unlock, denial, lock, lock, lock, etc.
- The main morphemes are “even” / “cheat”.
Count, read, reckon, report, counting, deductions, etc. The following words are exceptions: combine, couple, combination.
- The main morphemes are “burned” / “burned”.
Ignite, kindle, lighter, ignition, cauterize, burn, arsonist, firing, burn, burned out, etc.
- The main morphemes are stel / stil.
To spread out, to lay, to pave, to remodel, to lay, to spread, to finish, to spread, to lay, etc.
- The main morphemes are “brilliance” / “blist”.
To shine, to shine, to shine, to shine, to shine, to shine, to shine, to shine, to shine, to shine, brilliantly, etc.
- The main morphemes are “lep” / “linden”.
Adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, adhere, stucco, etc.
Notes
Alternation in the root of "e" and "and" has a number of features. Below we will analyze each of them.
After hissing consonants and soft ones in the stressed position, not only “e”, but also “e” can be used. Depends on the sound that appears during pronunciation. This can be either the sound “e” (the letter “e” corresponds to it) or the sound “o” (the letter “e” corresponds to it). Here are some examples. To rub - a grater, to count - an account, to shine - a sparkle, to shine - a shine, etc.
The aforementioned roots are characterized by such a thing as a fluent vowel. What exactly does this mean? That in some forms, a vowel letter falls out of the root of the word. Consider the examples covered by this rule.
To tidy - tidy up - tidy up, etc.
Tear - tear - tear, etc.
Burn - burn - burn, etc.
To die - to die - will die, etc.
Support - support - support, etc.
Rearrange - override - rearrange, etc.
Wipe - wipe - wipe, etc.
Recount - deduction - deduction, etc.
Thus, we see that in the last examples both the vowel letter “and” and “e” are missing. They are fluent.
Speech use
Consider how to use lexical units with alternating in the root of "e" and "and" in speech.
- A servant came to clean their house.
- The child himself made a bed in the morning.
- The girl was frightened of the loud sound and froze in place.
- After eating, wipe the crumbs from the table.
- This morning the snow shone very brightly in the sun.
Try to continue this series yourself.
Now you know the rules and features of the use of roots with alternating "e" / "and" and you can easily use them in speech and writing.