When learning the Russian language, one inevitably has to deal with various types of paths and stylistic figures. They make our speech spoken and written brighter and richer. These artistic tools help to emphasize certain words or make a visual association. There are a lot of opportunities along the trails. Writers often resort to their help. It is worth discovering any work of fiction, and you can easily find an example of the paths.
In this article we will analyze the existing types of pathways, and also find out the meaning of this term.
What is a trail?
The trope is a rhetorical figure and is used to enhance imagery. It is used in a figurative meaning, which helps to make the language more expressive. Trails are usually distinguished from stylistic figures. The latter are used simply to enhance expression; they have no figurative meaning. There are a fairly large number of types of trails. Now we will analyze the most common of them.
Metaphor
Probably everyone at least once heard about this type of trail. Translated from Greek, the term "metaphor" means "figurative meaning." This word or even the whole expression used in a figurative meaning. The metaphor is based on a comparison based on a common attribute. The name of one item is transferred to another based on their similarities. Metaphors are very common in fiction.
Example: Autumn of life, like autumn of the year, should be gratefully accepted. (E. Ryazanov)
Here the metaphor is the expression "autumn of life." It is based on a comparison with nature. Autumn is the time when nature withers and prepares to fall asleep before a long winter. This sign is transferred to human life, because the years are fleeting.
Personification
This view is quite easy to notice in speech. It is based on likening a non-spiritual object to a living being. In other words, human qualities are transferred to inanimate objects, which helps to create a vivid image. This type of trail is also quite common in works of art.
Examples of impersonation:
- The silent sadness will be comforted ... (A.S. Pushkin). Obviously, sadness cannot be comforted, because it is a sign of a living being that is assigned to this term.
- And a star with a star says (M. Yu. Lermontov). A star is an inanimate object, therefore, she cannot speak.
Comparison
Another type of trail in the Russian language, which is quite common in literature. Noticing it is pretty easy. This is a comparison of different objects and phenomena. Very often, a comparison is formed with the help of conjunctions “like”, “like”, “like”, etc. Also, a comparative degree of the adjective can be used to form this path.
Comparison examples:
- As if through the fog of centuries (L.N. Tolstoy). Here the comparison is formed using the union “as if”.
- It looked like a clear evening (M. Yu. Lermontov). Here, the comparison is expressed by the word "similar."
Hyperbola
This type of trail can also be called an exaggeration. Hyperbola is not just a description of an object or phenomenon. This is a significant exaggeration of its qualities, attributes and so on.
One example in fiction can serve as a phrase that everyone has heard - for distant lands. It is not just far away, it is incredible, fabulously far away. It uses deliberate exaggeration.
Litotes
This trail can be contrasted with a hyperbole. That is, litota is a deliberate understatement of signs, phenomena, any qualities, and so on.
Litota is often found in fairy tales, stories and parables, so finding examples is easy.
For example, the expression “boy with a finger” and “peasant with a marigold”, known since childhood. Not just small, but literally tiny. This is an intentional understatement to create a vivid image.