What questions does the adjective answer? This information is often of interest to those people who undertook to write a letter, read an article or do their homework. To answer it, you just need to recall the simple rules of the Russian language.
General Adjective Names
The name adjective (questions will be presented later) is an independent part of speech. It combines words that:
- can be complete or short, and also vary in degrees of comparison;
- indicate the sign of the subject;
- change by case, number and gender;
- in a sentence they act as a definition or are part of a compound predicate.
What questions does the adjective answer? We find out together
The adjective name answers the following questions: what ?, which ?, which ?, which ?, whose ?, whose ?, whose?, Whose?
We give an example: which? - blue, iron, dry; whose? - my dad, Sasha .
However, it should be noted that the presented part of speech can be not only complete, but also short. Thus, a short adjective answers the questions: what ?, what ?, what? and what are they?
To give an example: what? - bitterly, motley, new, fresh, etc.
What are the questions of cases of adjectives?
As mentioned above, the adjective name changes not only in number and gender, but also in cases. They can be determined using general knowledge of the principles of declination.
So, let's look at how the adjective in the singular feminine is inclined:
1) In the nominative case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, a boat (which one?) Is large, the weather (what?) Is spring (s) .
2) In the genitive, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, boats (which?) Are large, oh, weather (which?) Is spring (s) .
3) In the dative case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, a boat (which?) Is big (oh), the weather (which?) Is spring (s) .
4) In the accusative case, the endings will be the –th or –th . For example, a boat (which?) Is large (yy), the weather (which?) Is spring (yu).
5) In the instrumental case, the endings will be - oh or th . For example, a boat (which?) Is big (oh), the weather (which?) Is spring (s).
6) In the prepositional case, the endings will be - th or th . For example, about a boat (which?) Is great (oh), the weather (which?) Is spring (s).
It is necessary to remember the declension order of the represented group of adjectives. In addition, it is recommended to pay attention to the fact that the endings of this part of speech in the prepositional, instrumental, dative and genitive cases coincide. In such situations, it is desirable to decline the adjective, based on the case of the noun.
Singular cases of masculine adjectives singular
Consider cases of adjectives (a table with questions will help you when composing any letter and completing homework) in more detail:
Masculine singular :
- In the nominative case, the endings will be the –th, –th, or –th . For example, a table (which one) is large, a chair (which one) is blue.
- In the genitive case, the endings will be the th or th . For example, a table (what?) Is big, a chair (what?) Is syn (him).
- In the dative case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, a table (to which?) Is large (to), a chair (to which?) Is syn (to him).
- In the accusative case - if an animate noun, it is inclined, as in the genitive case, if inanimate, then as in the nominative.
- In the instrumental case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, a table (what?) Is big (them), a chair (what?) Is syn (them).
- In the prepositional case, the endings will be -th or -th. For example, about a table (which?) Is big (ohm), a chair (which?) Is syn (em).
Cases of the adjectives of the middle gender singular
Middle gender singular:
- In the nominative case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, a cloud (what?) Is airy, sky (what?) Is blue (her).
- In the genitive case, the endings will be the th or th . For example, a cloud of (what?) Air (s), sky (what?) Blue (his).
- In the dative case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, a cloud (what?) Is airy (oh), sky (which?) Is blue (him).
- In the accusative case will be the same as in the nominative.
- In the instrumental case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, a cloud (what?) Air (s), sky (what?) Syn (them).
- In the prepositional case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, about a cloud (what?) Air (ohm), sky (what?) Syn (em).
Having studied the questions of the adjective, you can easily determine their case. If you find it difficult, then this is done with the help of a noun, to which this part of speech belongs. By the way, often people confuse the adjectives of the accusative, nominative and genitive cases. To correctly decline these parts of speech, one should also rely on nouns.
Declension of adjectives in the plural
What questions does the plural adjective answer ? These include the following: what ?, what? and whose? Consider cases in more detail:
- In the nominative case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, the floor (which?) Is spacious, the trees (which?) Are tall (s).
- In the genitive case, the endings will be -i or -i . For example, fields (what?) Are spacious (s), trees (which?) Are high (them).
- In the dative case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, on the ground (how?) Is spacious (s), on the trees (how?) Is tall (on them).
- In the accusative case, the animate noun is inclined in the genitive case, and the inanimate in the nominative case.
- In the instrumental case, the endings will be -th or -th . For example, the fields (what?) Are spacious (s), the trees (which?) Are tall (by them).
- In the prepositional case, the endings will be –– or –– . For example, about the fields (which?) Are spacious (s), the trees (which?) Are high (them).
Now you know what questions the adjective of the middle, feminine and masculine, as well as the plural and singular answers. In order not to forget about them, it is recommended to independently make a large table on a piece of paper or cardboard. All existing questions of the adjective, as well as their possible endings, can be entered in it. This will help you to correctly and correctly write any letter.
What are the degrees of adjectives?
It should be specially noted that adjectives can be not only complete and short, but also vary in degrees. This feature of the Russian language allows us to make our speech and writing more expressive and emotional.
So, there are the following degrees of adjectives:
To understand how they differ and what are their features, consider them in more detail.
Comparative Adjective
Such a degree means that a certain characteristic is manifested in an object to a lesser or, conversely, greater degree than in another.
Here is an example: Masha is better than me; Anton is more beautiful than me; your bag is heavier than mine.
It should also be noted that the comparative degree may be:
1. Simple. This degree is formed using suffixes:
- · - (the last consonant may alternate): sweet - sweeter, short - shorter;
- · -Ey- or –ey- (for example, hot - hotter, bold - bolder, beautiful - more beautiful );
- · -She- (for example, young - younger ).
2. Difficult. This degree is formed due to the full form of the positive degree of the name of the adjective with the help of particles less and more (for example, beautiful - more or less beautiful ).
Adjectives in this degree, but only in a complex form, can easily be changed in numbers, gender and cases
Superlative Adjective
Such a degree means that any particular feature is manifested in the subject in the least or, conversely, the greatest degree.
Here is an example: He is my best friend. She is the most beautiful girl in the yard.
As well as a comparative degree, excellent can also be:
1. Simple. Such a degree is formed using the suffixes -aish- or –eysh- (for example, kind - kind, soft - soft, beautiful - beautiful ). It should be noted that sometimes a completely different root is used to form the superlative name of the adjective (for example, bad - worst; good - best ).
2. Difficult. This degree is formed due to the full form of the positive degree of the name of the adjective with the help of additional words least , most or most (for example, beautiful - the most, least or most beautiful ).
Adjectives to this degree can easily be changed by numbers, genera and cases.
What should you pay special attention to?
In the formation of an excellent or comparative degree, it is impossible to use both a complex and simple form. For example, the following expressions will sound incorrect: the calmest, harder or more beautiful . By remembering this rule, you can avoid possible mistakes when writing any letter or text.